Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, September 18-117) was the second emperor of the ancient Roman Antonian dynasty and one of the five wise emperors of Rome. He reigned from 98-117.

Turajin was born in Italica, Bettica, Spain and was the first Roman emperor to be born outside the Apennine Peninsula.
During his reign, he consolidated the economic and social system internally, launched wars against the outside world, and made remarkable military achievements, expanding the territory of the Roman Empire to the largest extent in history. He once established the "Turazhan Chronicle Pillar" to record his achievements.
His outstanding achievements earned him the titles of "Best Leader" and "Optimus princeps" bestowed upon him by the Roman Senate.
Turajin was born into a military family in Italica, Spain, and grew up with his father in the military, gradually becoming an experienced general. His father was a descendant of Roman colonizers from far Spain, and his mother was Spanish. His family is wealthy and famous, and his father has served as the governor of provinces such as Spain and Syria. [2]
In 89, Turajin became the commander of the legion and in 91, he became the consul. [3] Due to his achievements in fighting against the Germanic people, he was awarded the honorary title of "Germanicus". It is said that Tura Zhen has a kind, simple, and resolute personality, and is bold and meticulous. He is truly a perfect person, not only deeply supported by the military, but also loved by the Roman people. [4] In 1996, Roman Emperor Tumisen was assassinated in a coup due to his long-term contempt for the Senate and serious discord with it.
Subsequently, the veteran elder Neva was elected as the emperor. Despite the strong support of the Senate, Neva lacks influence and prestige in the military. [4] In order to gain the support of the military, he made a wise decision in the second year of his accession to the throne to select the outstanding German governor, 45 year old Turajin, as his adopted son and heir. This decision not only quelled the dissatisfaction of the army, but also ushered in a new era of the Roman Empire, ushering in a 60 year long era of peace and prosperity, with all aspects of the Roman Empire reaching its peak.

At the beginning of 1998, Neva passed away due to illness, and Turajin, who was stationed in Cologne, was summoned to the throne.

Political strategy
Tula was the first Roman emperor from a province. His identity as an outsider indicates a qualitative change in the status of outsiders in the ruling class. This is a symbol that the highest position in Rome is being opened up to all upper echelons, whether in Rome or in other provinces.

Turajin was widely praised in both the military and the Senate, not only because he was a highly accomplished marshal, but also because of his charismatic personality and the kindness and concern he showed towards the people.
He ascended to the throne as empress and did not return to Rome to accept power in 98 AD. Instead, he stayed in the Rhine and Danube regions for over a year, inspecting, consolidating borders, and planning preparations for war against Daria. In the year 99 AD, Turajin returned to Rome and pursued the policy of revitalizing the Senate, giving it a prestigious position, showing good respect to its friends, and appointing members of the Senate from various eastern provinces, thus gaining the favor of the Senate and strengthening his relationship with it. [2]
Turajin reformed local administration and appointed some loyal confidants to serve as governors in the provinces, improving the relationship between the central government and the provinces; He understands the importance of cultivating people's power, which is to lighten the burden on the people and help small farmers maintain their livelihoods through government loans. In addition, he also followed Neva's method of setting up funds in various regions with a portion of the government's taxes to raise impoverished orphaned children. [5]
Another achievement of Tura's commendation is his encouragement and personal supervision of the vigorous expansion of public works in Rome, Italy, and various provinces, such as road construction, bridge construction, ditch construction, reclamation, port construction, and building of buildings. The remains of these buildings can still be seen everywhere in modern Spain, North Africa, the Balkans, and Italy. [2]
He was awarded the title of "Optimus princeps" by the Senate. [6]
military action
As an emperor of a military empire, the reason why Turajin was famous in the world is mainly because he was the largest and last successful expansionist and aggressor of Rome after Caesar. His foreign aggression and conquest war achieved great success, and the empire's territory was expanded to an unprecedented scale.

In terms of foreign policy, Turajin departed from the tradition of the early empire established by Augustus and instead revived the aggressive tendencies of the Republican era. [5] He ended several generations of emperors who had been idle in expanding their territories. He actively engaged in external expansion, with the main purpose of plundering wealth and increasing treasury revenue through such aggressive wars, in order to make up for the lack of tax revenue, solve the shortage of funds required for various domestic undertakings, and meet the needs of the ruling group for extravagance.
In order to meet the needs of foreign war, he expanded the Roman legion to 30, and the size of each legion also increased. The auxiliary personnel who cooperated with regular forces were expanded by various new local units, composed of non Roman tribes and ethnic units, using their own weapons, including cavalry wearing armor. Turajin relied on such a massive army to launch a series of foreign aggression wars.

The Dacian War
The Kingdom of Dacia (now Romania) in the lower reaches of the Danube River was the first target of aggression and plunder. Under the leadership of King Desibalus, Dacia became powerful from the end of the 1st century AD and became a serious threat to the Roman Empire.
In the spring of 101 AD, after careful preparation, Turajin gathered a large army of 200000 (which should include a large number of civilian auxiliary soldiers), divided his troops into two routes, sailed across the Danube River, and achieved victory in the Battle of Tapai, capturing the gateway of the Kingdom of Dacia. Tu La Zhen personally led a large army on the western route, traversing through the primitive forests and heading straight to the capital city of West Asia, Salmizejetusa (the site is located in present-day Huanedoala County, Romania [7]). The Darcians rose up in resistance, causing great losses to the Romans.
In 102 AD, Turajin sent General Lucius Quintus to flank and attract the enemy's attention, while himself led a large army to launch a frontal attack. The Romans crushed the resistance of the Darcians and approached the capital of Daria. Desibalus was forced to unconditionally accept the treaty and declared eternal friendship with Rome. [2]
In 105 AD, Desibalus took the opportunity of the Romans leaving Dacia and resumed the war. Turajin mobilized 12 legions to fight against the Dacians and occupied one Dacian stronghold after another. The two sides engaged in the most heinous bloody battle in Samizejetusa. The Dacians, like the Carthaginians of the past, would rather die from poison than be slaves to the Romans when victory was hopeless. When Turajin entered the city, he almost entered an empty city without anyone. Turajin plundered a large amount of treasure. The capital of Dacia was razed to the ground.
Turajin built a huge stone bridge over the Danube and incorporated Dacia into Rome, becoming a new province of Rome. [2]
Turajin established numerous Roman settlements on the north bank of the Danube River. The descendants of these settlements still refer to themselves as Romanians and their country as Romania, all of which are derived from the term Rome. [5]
Conquering Dacia not only eliminated a strong enemy and stabilized the downstream area of the Danube River, but also gained enormous wealth and land, providing funds for the grand public buildings of Turajin. Turajin announced in Rome a 123 day festival to celebrate the victory of the Darcy War. Celebrating the victory of a war for such a long time is unparalleled in both ancient and modern Chinese and foreign history.

The Parthian War
Subsequently, Turajin pointed his aggression at Asia and engaged in warfare with Parthia. Since the mid-1st century BC, Parthia has been a formidable enemy of the Roman Empire, with constant wars and border changes between the two countries. [5] On the one hand, Trajan was dissatisfied that the eastern border of Rome was limited to the upper reaches of the Euphrates River; On the other hand, he was also tempted by the wealth and vast land of Parthia and longed to follow the footsteps of Alexander the Great and annex this country. As early as 105 AD, in preparation for fighting against Parthia, Turajin sent troops to occupy the Kingdom of Nabat in northern Arabia, controlled the main trade route in the east, and established a new province here - the Arab Province.
In 110 AD, the Parthians took control of Armenia, abolished the king who had previously supported Rome, and established a new king. The dispute over Armenia became the trigger for the two countries to engage in hostilities. In 114 AD, Turajin sent troops to occupy Armenia, deposed the Parthian king, declared Armenia a new province of Rome, and incorporated it into the Roman territory. This effortless victory stimulated Tura's desire for expansion and he decided to continue eastward, occupying the entire Mesopotamia. The Roman army divided into two routes and advanced side by side, reaching the Tigris and Euphrates rivers at the same time, occupying Upper Mesopotamia. [2]
In 116 AD, the Roman army marched south of the Tigris River and occupied the capital of Parthia, Taixifeng. And after the great general Lucius Quintus led his army to capture the Parthian territory of Adiabeni, he went south and joined forces with Turajin at Taisifeng. At the end of that year, the Turajin army arrived in the Persian Gulf, and the Roman army was the first and last to arrive in the Persian Gulf.
Turajin is here, facing the sea with great emotion, and tears welled up in his eyes as he is too old to repeat Alexander's conquest of India. However, when he visited the ruins of Babylon and saw the place where Alexander passed away 440 years ago, he expressed a different sigh: "Fame is nothing, only garbage, stones, and ruins."
He incorporated the newly occupied territories into Rome and established the provinces of Mesopotamia and Assyria here. [5] His fleet ravaged the towns along the Arabian coast, and Turajin boasted to himself that his troops had almost reached Indian territory. [8]
After a series of expansions by Turajin, the territory of the Roman Empire was expanded to its maximum extent. It starts from the two river basins in the east, extends to most of Britain in the west, includes Egypt and North Africa in the south, and reaches the Rhine River and Daria located north of the Danube River in the north.