Thutmose III (1514-1425 BC) was a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt, the most outstanding politician, military strategist, and founder of the Egyptian Empire. Among the 31 dynasties in ancient Egypt, the 18th Dynasty was the longest lasting, largest in territory, and most powerful, and Thutmose III was the culmination of this dynasty. During his reign, he launched a large-scale expansion war and conquered Canaan and Syria on the east coast of the Mediterranean. It is generally believed that Thutmose III caused Egypt to undergo a qualitative transformation from a regional kingdom to an intercontinental empire. Thutmose III is considered one of the greatest pharaohs of ancient Egypt and is known as "Napoleon of the ancient world.".

Thutmose III (1514-1425 BC) was a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, and the most famous warrior pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (reigned around 1479-1425 BC). [1] Thutmose III was the son of Pharaoh Thutmose II (formerly believed to be his half brother). It is believed that he was the son of Thutmose II and his second consort Isis, and married Nephruli, the daughter of Thutmose II's wife Hatshepsut. Before 1482 BC, Hatshepsut, the stepmother of Thutmose III, held real power in Egypt. After the death of Hatshepsut, Thutmose III ruled alone for a period of time, and later appointed his son Amenhotep II as co ruler. Starting from 1458 BC, Thutmose III engaged in continuous warfare, resulting in the restoration of the lost rule over Syria and Palestine during the Hatshepsut era. He achieved a series of military victories in places such as Migido, Kadieshi, and Kalhemesh (most famous for the siege of Migido). Around 1445 BC, Thutmose III defeated the King of Mitanni and seized the land of the Mitanni Kingdom located on the west bank of the Euphrates River. He also made the rulers of Libya, Assyria, Babylon, Hittite, and Crete pay tribute to him. Due to the remarkable martial arts of Thutmose III, some historians refer to him as Napoleon of ancient Egypt. After the death of Thutmose III, Amenhotep II succeeded to the throne.

In the second intermediate period of the transition from the Middle Kingdom to the New Kingdom, Egypt was invaded by the Hyksos and fell into a state of fragmentation. The founder of the 18th Dynasty, Yahmos, led the war to expel the Hyksos. In the process of fighting together, Egypt returned to unity and, inspired by the spirit of martial arts, developed this national liberation movement into a large-scale external expansion. Starting from Yahmos I, through Amenhotep I and Thutmose I, Egypt's military front reached the third waterfall of the Nile River in the south and the upper reaches of the Euphrates River in northern Syria to the north. The Kingdom of Egypt became an increasingly large empire.
During the reign of Thutmose III's father, Thutmose II, this short-lived pharaoh did not leave much achievements, but instead left behind a capable wife - Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut not only ruled the court for 22 years, but also officially wore a crown, making her the world's first female emperor to be tested. Thutmose III was the crystallization of his father's concubine Isis. He grew up in the shadow of Hatshepsut and gradually grew up in a complex state of fear, hostility, and a bit of worship towards his stepmother.
Although Hartshepsut had some means in domestic affairs, he had little success in foreign affairs. In 1458 BC, Queen Hatpersut passed away and reported to her father Amun. At the age of 32, Thutmose was finally able to govern. After taking office, Thutmose immediately launched a retaliation against her legitimate mother's political enemy, attempting to erase the traces she left from the land of Egypt and destroy her memorial buildings everywhere. Although he was liberated from long-term depression and enjoyed the pleasure of taking power, the situation he faced in the early stages was still very severe. At the time of the transition between old and new in the country, the political situation was unstable, and the Kingdom of Kadesh in southern Syria was attempting to organize an anti Egyptian alliance. After stabilizing the domestic situation, Thutmose immediately launched his first war in power, advancing into Syria and Palestine. He stood out in the military conference and risked crossing a canyon before suddenly appearing under the enemy stronghold of Migiddo, forcing the Kingdom of Kadesh to surrender. The anti Egyptian alliance that was pasted up with this paper also dissipated into thin air.

The perfect victory in the first battle greatly stimulated the ambition of Thutmose III, let alone the restless factor left by his ancestors in his bloodline. During his reign, his focus on external expansion was on the city states of West Asia and Syria. After winning the first battle, Thutmose III spent nearly 20 years repeatedly conquering and finally establishing his rule over Syria. His conquest of Syria seriously hurt the great West Asian nation Mitanni, and the clash of powers was inevitable. The tragedy of the Kingdom of Mitanni lies in its opponent being the outstanding military strategist of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, Thutmose III. Egypt had an overwhelming advantage in several wars, and in 1472 BC, Thutmose III even crossed the Euphrates River to pursue his opponents. In the end, Mitanni surrendered and became an ally of Egypt, which greatly shook the entire West Asian region. Assyria and Babylon reconciled with Egypt, and Babylon even gave a princess to Tuthmus III as his consort. For the first time, the two oldest centers of civilization were combined in the form of marriage.

As Thutmose's reputation gradually faded, more and more local snakes paid tribute to him. His fleet is equally invincible, with the Eastern Mediterranean becoming his sphere of influence, and the Aegean islands, Crete, and Cyprus all within his maritime empire.
Expanding northward was his strategic focus, but Thutmose did not forget the hot lands south of Egypt, although the level of civilization in these areas was slightly inferior. The southern border was advanced to the Fourth Falls of the Nile (now within Ethiopia) during the Thutmose period.
In order to consolidate his rule in the newly conquered areas, Thutmose III stationed a strong army in West Asia and sent a governor to govern, while also utilizing local indigenous princes for governance. Every time he conquered a country, he would bring the sons of his princes to Egypt, on the one hand as hostages, and on the other hand, he would also educate them about Egypt and cultivate their feelings for it. This move was commonly used by conquerors around the world, and Thutmose III was clearly original.

In his later years, Thutmose gradually fell in love with enjoying wealth and honor. He made his son Amenhotep II his co ruler. After the death of Thutmose III, his first three successors continued to maintain Egypt's military dominance, but only consolidated the achievements left by their ancestors, with little expansion. Perhaps the territory conquered by Thutmose III was already at its limit due to the productivity and transportation conditions of his era.
Due to his conquest, Thutmose III was hailed as the "first person to establish an empire of any true significance, and also the first world hero" and "Napoleon of ancient Egypt.". For the first time, advanced Middle Eastern civilizations have been so closely linked together.
On both sides of the Atlantic, London and New York, two famous monuments still stand today, commemorating the founder of the world's first empire - the Heliopolis Obelisk of Thutmose III. In the eyes of some historians, Thutmose III was "the first person to establish an empire of any true significance, and also the first world hero.".

Thutmose III only truly emerged after the death of Hatshepsut, and he was the most renowned pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt for his martial prowess. Thutmose III engaged in continuous warfare, and he fought in Migido (also translated as Megidus), Megiddo）、 Kadieshi (also translated as Kadieshi), Kadesh and other places achieved a series of military victories, with the most famous being the siege of Migiddo. After the death of Hatshepsut, King Kadesh took the lead in rebellion, and then all the city kings of Syria and Palestine unanimously defected. In May 1479 BC, the army of the kings of these cities, under the command of King Cadiz, had occupied the fortress of Migiddo, located on the northern slope of the Carmel Mountains, enough to block the main road from Egypt to the Euphrates River basin.
On May 14, 1479 BC, Thutmose III led his troops through the Valley of Miguel and entered the plain of Miguel to the south of the fortress. On May 15, 1479 BC, his troops began to advance in a combat sequence. At this moment, the Kadieshi coalition is camping outside the fortress. Thutmose III deployed a portion of his troops on a small hill south of the Kina River, with the majority pointing directly towards the fortress of Migiddo. Under a wave of impact, the coalition forces were defeated, abandoned their tanks, and hastily fled into the fortress. Thutmose III did not immediately attack the city, but instead collected the spoils and besieged Migiddo. Shortly thereafter, the city of Migido announced its surrender, while the King of Cardinals fled

Thutmose III launched a total of 15 battles. In order to land on the Syrian coast and establish a combat base there to conquer Kadesh and its interior, Thutmose III built a naval fleet. In the 6th Battle, his troops landed at Simyra, located north of Tripoli on the Syrian coast. Then, he commanded his troops to attack the city of Kadi Stone. Kadi Stone City is located on the left bank of the Orontes River, not far from Homs. As it was a powerful fortress, it took Thutmose III a long time to conquer it. In the 7th battle, he quelled a series of rebellions behind him. In the 8th Battle, around 1445 BC, he invaded the Mitanni Kingdom established by the Aryans and seized the land of the Mitanni Kingdom located on the west bank of the Euphrates River
Thutmose III's fame spread far and wide, and many princes from various places paid tribute to him. His fleet also shook all directions and basically controlled the eastern Mediterranean. The islands of the Aegean Sea, Crete, and Cyprus are also completely under his control. In the final battle of Thutmose III, due to the joint rebellion of the nations, he destroyed the city of Cadiz. After this battle, the ruins of the Hyksos people completely disappeared.
He also made the rulers of Libya, Assyria, Babylon, and Hittite pay tribute to him. Due to the remarkable martial arts achievements of Thutmose III, he passed away in 1425 BC, reigning for a total of 54 years. He was buried in The Valley of the King, and his body is still preserved in a museum in Cairo.

Thutmose III was a beloved pharaoh by many, possessing all the qualities that a great ruler should possess. In his great achievements, he never failed in war; In administrative management, he also surpassed his predecessors; He is also an outstanding politician; He was a thorough jockey, archer, athlete, and discerning sponsor. The rule of Thutmose III was remarkable due to his own taste and good deeds. Apart from his reckless opposition to Hatshepsut, Thutmose III was not a flashy, self indulgent person. In his records, one can feel that he was a sincere and just pharaoh.
During the reign of Hatshepsut, there was no war in Egypt, and neighboring countries paid tribute to Egypt every year. However, as often happens in history, when a new emperor ascends the throne, the vassal states need to test his abilities. Thutmose discovered that the princes of Kadesh and Magdalene had joined forces and recruited a massive army; The monarchs of Maiso Ptermes also refused to pay tribute and claimed that they had gained independence from Egypt's control. Faced with numerous challenges, Thutmose was not discouraged. He quickly mobilized his army and led the whole army through the desert to reach the city of Gates, which was still loyal to Egypt. The record of this war is well preserved, as the records made by the secretary of Thutmose, Tjani, on site were later engraved on the walls of the Kanak Temple. Thutmose demonstrated his military talent in this war, knowing the value of logistics and military supply lines, the importance of rapid movement, and the power of sudden attacks. He led several battles that could serve as examples of combat, and he was probably the first commander in history to use the power of the sea to defeat enemies. Thutmose could have been compared to Napoleon, but he was different from Napoleon as he had never lost a war. He organized a total of 16 battles in Palestine, Syria, and Nubia, and his attitude towards prisoners of war was also humane. During his reign, he established peace for the empire, and Palestine and Syria willingly surrendered to his rule. He created an unprecedentedly prosperous Egypt.