Twelve Olympians, the twelve most worshipped gods in ancient Greek religion, are Zeus, the king of gods, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, the goddess of agriculture, Athena, the goddess of war and wisdom, Apollo, the god of light, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, the god of love, Hephaestus, the goddess of stove Hermes.
Because Hestia lived with humans, he gave up his position to Dionysus, the god of wine. Hades, the ruler of the underworld, is sometimes included in the twelve gods of Olympus (Elucismite), but generally Hades is excluded because he is the ruler of the underworld.

The twelve gods of Olympus, the most important gods in Greek mythology and religion, lived on Mount Olympus and defeated Titan under the leadership of Zeus.
The concept of "twelve gods" is earlier than the existing ancient Greek or Roman origin, which may be the origin of Anatole, or more accurately, Lycida. In the site of Hittite, the twelve gods of Hittite were found in the cuneiform script. They were all male, and were not endowed with personality characteristics. They reflect the twelve gods of Lygia in the Roman Empire. Since 400 BC, a special area of land has been set aside for the worship of the twelve gods in the market of Cantos in Lucia.
Herodotus believed that the concept of the twelve gods originated in ancient Egypt, but this origin lacked relevant historical data. In Homer's Epic, the gods meet at a meeting. However, the ancient religious ceremony that first quoted the gods of Olympus was found in Homer's Prayer to Hermes. The Greek worship of the twelve gods of Olympus can be traced back to Athens in the 6th century BC, and may not have precedent in the period of the Mycenaean civilization.
The altar of the twelve gods of Olympus in Athens was usually set during the reign of Persystratus Jr. (522~521 BC).

Note: This entry is mostly translated with more common nouns, but a qualitative correction is given in this table of contents.
Ὄ λυμ π ος
Some translators are used to translating Twelve-Olympians as "the twelve main gods of Olympus", but in fact, this translation method is completely fictitious or caused by ignorance of Greek culture.
In ancient Greek, the twelve gods of Olympus Δωδεκάθεος Ὀ λύμ π ου，Δωδεκάθεος The word "“ δωδεκά”+ “ θεος” Composite; δωδεκά It is the twelve in Greek, θεος It is "God" in a broad sense in Greek, without the meaning of "Lord". In Greek mythology and religion, the main god was Zeus. Ancient Greek poets often called him "Father of God", "King of God", "Father of God", "Father of Zeus" and "King of gods". In Hellenistic Greece, his worship was almost monotheistic (similar to Christian worship of God); The twelve gods are the twelve most worshipped gods in Greek mythology and religion, with slightly different regions and cities. Therefore, whether from the literal meaning or after understanding Greek culture“ Δωδεκάθεος”， All should be translated into "twelve gods". The translation of "twelve main gods" is a subjective fabrication that distorts the meaning of words.
And, "Ὀ λύμ π ου” For λυμ π ος The genitive form of, meaning "Olympus", Δωδεκάθεος Ὀ λύμ π ου The accurate translation from ancient Greek should be the twelve gods of Olympus. In ancient Greek, the case (nom., gen., dat., acc., voc.), number (sg., dual., pl.), sex (m., f., n.) and part of speech (n., adj., ppl.) of words can be changed by modifying the suffix. Olympus god (living in Olympus, Olympus) can also be used as λύμ π ιος； Its transformation negative is Ὀ λυμ π ία， Its positive is Ὄ λυμ π ις。 We should not translate "Olympus" according to the case change, but according to the nominative case.
Some translators translate Olympus and Olympians into Olympus and the god of Olympus for the following two reasons:
1. As the English possessive case of Olympia and Olympia are both Olympian, which is the main reason for confusion. In fact, in Greek, Olympia is the feminine adjective of Olympia, meaning "Olympian", which should be translated into "Olympian" except for place names [2].
2. The masculine adjective of Olympis is transliterated directly [2]. According to this law, the genitive form of Zeus is not "Zeus", but "Dios".
ᾍ δης
About the Greek name of Hades δης There are mainly three kinds of transliterations of Hades, Hades and Hades. Among them, Hades is mostly used for academic books (such as translation and proofreading of ancient Greek philology/literature), Hades is mostly used for ACG transliteration (Japanese animation, etc.), and Hades is a transliteration of Hong Kong and Taiwan.
The pronunciation of Japanese is often δης Transliterated as "Hades", on modern English (Hades/'he ɪ di ː The pronunciation of z/) is similar to that of English, while Japanese Katakana comes from English spelling, but the pronunciation of "デ" in ハ デ ス and the International Phonetic Alphabet/d ɛ/ It's the same. ᾍ δης The reconstructed pronunciation of classical Greek in Attica (from the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC) is/'had ɛ: S/or/'had ə: s/， δη The pronunciation of is between the Chinese pinyin de and dei. Therefore, Luo Niansheng defined the word "gain"（ η Hair【 ɪ】 The vowel value became shorter in the late Byzantine period of the Middle Ages.
I ū Ppiter and I ū no
Latin name of Zeus and Hera I ū Ppiter and I ū The transliteration of no is based on the writing and pronunciation of classical Latin in Rome in the golden age (80 BC to 14 AD), rather than the English Juppiter and Juno. Therefore, the Roman names of Zeus and Hera are not simply translated as "Jupiter" and "Juno".

Greece
There are differences in the list of the twelve gods, but according to the norms in general religious worship, poetry and art works in ancient times, they are: Zeus, Hera, Demeter, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes, Hestia (or Dionysus). Although Hades' status and sanctity are similar to those of Zeus and Poseidon, and he has the same influence in the Olympus system, because he is the ruler of Hades, he is generally excluded from the twelve gods.
Herodotus defined the twelve gods as Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Kronos, Rhea and The Graces. He also mentioned that Hercules was on another list [3].
In Coase Island, Dionysus and Heracles were added to the twelve gods, while Ares and Hephaestus were removed.
Pinda, the pseudoApollodorus "Book Collection" [4] and Herodorus believe that Heracles is not one of the twelve gods, but has its own worship.
Chiapalos [5] believed that Heracles and Asclepius were also included in the list of twelve gods, but he did not explain which god gave way.
Plato linked the relationship between the twelve gods and the twelve months. He believed that Hades should be associated with the last month, representing the dead. In the "Huaidelos" [6], Plato ranked the twelve gods and the twelve zodiac signs, excluding Hestia.
Rome
The twelve main gods of Rome are known as Di Consentes, also known as Di/Di Consentes (also known as Di Complices). They are the most important twelve gods in ancient Roman religion, and were created after the twelve gods with similar functions in Greece. In the Pantheon of ancient Rome, they were described as six gods and six goddesses. Their gilded statues stood in the assembly hall of Rome and were later moved to the Porticus Deorum Constantium.
The statement of the twelve gods of Rome comes from a Roman poet's note on an unknown Greek poem in the second century BC, specifically as follows:
Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, Ceres, Minerva, Apollo（ Ă Pollo, Diana, Mars, Venus, Vulcan, Mercury, Vesta.
In the History of Rome, Levi divided them into six pairs according to men and women: Jupiter Juno, Nepton Minerva, Mars Venus, Apollo Diana, Volgan Vesta, and Mercury Kress. Among them, Jupiter, Juno and Minerva constitute the three gods of Kabitholio.

Persephone, Helios, Selene, Hecate, Hebe, Eros and other gods sometimes form another group of twelve gods. Eros is often regarded as the subordinate god of other gods, especially its mother Aphrodite, and is generally not included.