The statue of Liberty (French: statue de la Libert é, English: Statue of Liberty), the full name of the statue of Liberty National Monument, also known as freedom shining on the world, is located on Liberty Island, New York, United States. In 1865, Edward De La Braye suggested that France present a statue representing freedom on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the United States. The statue was built in 1876. During the construction period, the project stopped for a period of time due to lack of funds. On October 23, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was completed. [4] [6] [11]
The Statue of Liberty weighs 450000 pounds, is 46 meters high, and its base is 45 meters high. The whole statue is made of 120 tons of steel as the skeleton, 80 tons of copper as the skin, and 300000 rivets are assembled and fixed on the support, with a total weight of 225 tons. The statue of liberty is dressed in ancient Greek style clothes and wears a radiant crown. The seven pointed awns symbolize the seven continents. The right hand holds the torch symbolizing freedom, and the left hand holds the Declaration of Independence; The feet are broken handcuffs, shackles and chains, symbolizing freedom from tyranny. The Statue of Liberty is based on the Statue of Liberty in Luxemburg Park, Paris, France. Bartholdi, a famous French sculptor, completed the sculpture of the statue painstakingly in 10 years. The appearance design of the goddess comes from the sculptor's mother, while the right hand of the goddess holding the torch comes from the arm of the sculptor's wife. [2] [7] [9]
In 1924, the Statue of Liberty was designated as the National Monument of the United States. [1] In 1984, according to the selection criteria for cultural heritage (I) and (VI), the Statue of Liberty was included in the World Cultural Heritage List (No. 307) by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.

In 1865, Edouard de Laboulaye, a French political intellectual, suggested that France present a statue representing freedom on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the United States. At that time, the victory of the United States Federation in the American Civil War reaffirmed the American ideal of freedom and democracy, which provided a platform for Labaye. He advocated that respecting the United States would strengthen the democratic cause of France.
In 1870, the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi supported Rabolaye's sculpture proposal and became the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty.
In 1871, Bartholdi came to the United States to publicize the statue and look for possible sites. On his trip, Bartholdi discussed the project with politicians and publishers.
In 1872, Bartholdi returned to France and reported his interest in the project and the site selection of Bedro Island in New York Harbor.
In 1875, the plaster model of Bartholdi's statue was called "The Statue of Liberty Illuminates the World" and was approved by Rabolaye. Rabolaye formally requested US President Ulysses Simpson Grant to use Bedro Island as the official site of the statue. The Franco American Union was established in France to supervise the fundraising of statues. The creators of the Statue of Liberty strongly believed that the project should be jointly worked by France and the United States: if the Americans funded the statue base, France would agree to fund it.
Between 1875 and 1880, the French Commission raised about 400000 francs.
In 1876, Bartholdi began to build statues. In the same year, Bartholdi completed the torch in the hands of the statue. This part of the statue was sent to the United States and exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia on May 18.
In 1877, as part of the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, the torch of the statue was displayed in Madison Square in New York until 1882. On February 22 of the same year, the United States Congress accepted the Statue of Liberty as a gift from the French people. On March 3 of the same year, President Ulysses Simpson Grant signed a bill designating Bedro Island as the location of the statue. The United States began to raise funds through the American Committee for The Statue of Liberty, which was chaired by William Maxwell Everts. Bartholdi's friend Richard Butler was also involved. The Commission raised $125000 between 1877 and 1884.
In 1878, the head and shoulders of the statue had been built and exhibited at the Paris World Expo for the first time.
In 1879, after the death of Eugene Viollet le Duc, the statue's engineer, Bartholdi hired Eiffel to complete the project and overcome various obstacles in the structure and assembly of the statue. Obstacles include the height, weight, unusual shape of the statue and the strong wind in New York Harbor.
In 1880, Eiffel designed an ingenious support system: a 98 foot (29.87 meters) high internal iron frame to support the statue's structure.
In 1881, the bronze plate of the statue was completed, and the first rivet was driven into the structure. The assembly and completion of the statue began. As the statue was gradually built near Montsur Park in Paris, the French fell in love with her. She is called "Mrs. Park". The American Statue of Liberty Commission entrusted American architect Richard Morris Hunt to design the base; A few months later, he submitted a detailed plan.
In 1883, the assembly work of the statue continued in Paris, and the foundation work 15 feet deep was started on the base of Bedro Island. General Charles P. Stone was appointed Chief Engineer, responsible for the design and construction of concrete foundations and pedestals. On November 2 of the same year, Emma Lazarus created a "new colossus" - the fund raiser of the base for the "Art Loan Fund Exhibition to Assist the Foundation of the Statue of Liberty Bartholdi".
In 1884, Hunter completed the final design of the foundation, with a concrete wall of 20 feet thick and granite blocks on the surface. The quality of concrete is the maximum quality of concrete placed at that time. The foundation stone of the base is located on Bedro Island. On July 4 of the same year, hundreds of people gathered at the foot of the statue in Paris to watch her officially presented to Levi P. Morton, the American ambassador to France.
The statue is expected to arrive in the United States in 1885, but the funds for the foundation project have been used up and the work on the foundation has stopped.
In 1885, Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of The New York World, saved the statue through a six-month fund-raising campaign. More than $100000 was raised. The statue was dismantled in Paris and then transported to the United States by the French naval ship Is è re. It arrived at New York Port on June 17. The statue was received with a grand welcome and a naval parade, but when the pedestal was completed, it was placed for a year.
In 1886, the foundation of the statue was completed. The Statue of Liberty Commission of the United States signed a contract with D.H. King of New York to start the construction of the statue. The difficult and dangerous task of reassembling the statue on Bedro Island began. Most of the staff were immigrants, who assembled the statue with great accuracy and speed. Finally, he decided to use electricity to light the torch of the statue. The US Army Corps of Engineers rejected the proposal to install searchlights on the balcony of the torch, so Bartholdi opened a porthole on the torch and put the lights inside. On October 10 of the same year, President Grover Cleveland placed the statue and pedestal under the management of the American Lighthouse Committee as a maritime building. On October 15 of the same year, the remaining fingers tightly held the handle of the flashlight for installation. On October 20 of the same year, in preparation for the inauguration ceremony, a heavy canvas was thrown on the face of the statue. Although for many early visitors, this destroyed the look and feel, the canvas remained until the statue was unveiled. On October 23 of the same year, the Statue of Liberty was completed. On October 28 of the same year, New York City held the first ribbon parade to commemorate the completion of the Statue of "Freedom Shines on the World". More than 1 million people participated in the parade. About 300 ships paraded in front of the statue, although visibility was less than a quarter of a mile due to a whole day of fog and rain. The Statue of Liberty was officially unveiled at the inauguration ceremony of Bedro Island, with 2000 to 2500 people attending. At the ceremony, Bartholdi released the French tricolor flag covering the statue's face in advance. On behalf of the United States of America, President Grover Cleveland formally accepted the Statue of Liberty as a friendship gift from France. President Cleveland praised Bartholdi as "the greatest man in America today".

In 1888, double spiral cast iron stairs were added to the interior of the statue.
In 1901, the Lighthouse Committee handed over the management of the statue to the United States Department of the Army.
In 1903, the lyrics of Emma Lazarus's poem The New Colossus were engraved on a plaque and installed on the base of the statue.
In 1907, the first elevator was ordered by Otis Elevator Company and installed in the statue.
In 1916, the Statue of Liberty was first illuminated.
In 1918, the bronze skin of the statue was first repaired.
In 1924, the statue was designated as a national monument by President Calvin Coolidge under the Antiquities Act.
In 1933, the statue was handed over by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the National Park Service (and other national monuments) of the Department of the Interior.
On October 28, 1936, President Franklin D. Roosevelt presided over the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the statue on Bedrow Island.
In 1937, the War Department relinquished control of the rest of Bedro Island. The National Park Service began developing a master plan for the island to complement the Statue of Liberty.
In 1939, the master plan of Liberty Island was completed and began to be implemented.
From 1942 to 1945, the torch of the statue was extinguished under the blackout of the Second World War. Visitors are still allowed to see the statue.
In 1952, the plan for a new American Immigration Museum was started, which will be built at the bottom of the base.
In 1956, according to a joint resolution of the Congress, Bedro Island was renamed the Liberty Island and signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
In 1962, the construction of the American Immigration Museum began.
On May 11, 1965, President Johnson signed a presidential proclamation, which included Ellis Island in the National Park Administration and was managed by the Statue of Liberty National Monument. On October 3 of the same year, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act 1960 on Liberty Island. The bill abolished the nationality quota system and stipulated that all people who want to immigrate to the United States should "based on their skills and close relationship with local residents".
In 1971, an organization named "Vietnam Veterans Anti war" occupied the Statue of Liberty for three days to protest against the Vietnam War.
In 1972, President Richard Nixon opened the American Immigration Museum.
On October 25, 1977, Puerto Rican nationalists hung the Puerto Rican flag on the forehead of the statue during an illegal demonstration.
On June 3, 1980, a time delay bomb detonated at the base of the Statue of Liberty. The FBI suspects that Croatian nationalists advocate Croatia's independence from Yugoslavia. Although no one was injured, the National Park Service stepped up security measures.
In 1982, protesters opposed to the US military intervention in Grenada tied themselves to the top support structure of the statue. In the same year, President Ronald Reagan appointed Lee Iacocca to lead a private foundation to restore the Statue of Liberty.
In 1983, the French American Restoration Commission of the Statue of Liberty published its architectural and engineering report. This report assesses the status of the statue and provides the necessary restoration design.
In 1984, he began to repair the statue. This work was done by the National Park Service and the Statue of Liberty Ellis Island Foundation. Changes include replacing rusty armature rods with stainless steel rods; Remove multiple coatings from the internal copper skin; There is also a new torch wrapped in gold foil.
In 1986, the renovation of the statue was completed. On July 5 of the same year, the Statue of Liberty National Monument reopened, including an exhibition of the new Statue of Liberty on its pedestal. On October 28 of the same year, the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty was officially celebrated by French and American officials.
On September 11, 2001, when the first Statue of Liberty ferry was ready to leave, the World Trade Center was attacked. The ferry was forced to return and no tourists arrived at Liberty Island. On December 1 of the same year, Liberty Island was reopened to the public, but the interior of the monument was still closed.
On August 3, 2004, the interior of the base was reopened to the public.
On July 4, 2009, the crown of the goddess was opened to the public for the first time since September 2001.
On October 28, 2011, the Statue of Liberty National Monument celebrated the 125th anniversary of "Freedom Shines on the World". On the 29th of the same month, the interior of the Statue of Liberty base was closed for a one-year renovation.
On October 28, 2012, after a year of renovation, the interior of the Statue of Liberty reopened. On the 29th of the same month, the flood caused by Hurricane Sandy flooded 75% of Liberty Island. Major infrastructure was destroyed. The Liberty Island was closed until the repair work was completed.
On July 4, 2013, the Statue of Liberty and Liberty Island reopened to the public, and the maintenance work of Liberty Island continues. [6]
On March 7, 2017, the Statue of Liberty in New York, the United States, fell into darkness because of unexpected power failure. The lights went out for several hours, and recovered their brightness before midnight. It was reported that the lighting of the Statue of Liberty suddenly went out on the 7th, and it was rumored that this was a protest on International Women's Day. The National Park Service of the United States said that the power failure was an accident, possibly due to the excavation of power lines by nearby construction.