Sphinx is located in the pyramid tomb area of Giza, Egypt. It is said that part of the head is shaped by the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Hafra according to his own portrait. [1] There is also a view that Regidff built it according to the portrait of his father Khufu.
The statue is 20 meters high and 57 meters long. If two front claws are included, the total length is 72 meters. The face is about 5 meters long and 4.7 meters wide, the nose is 1.71 meters long, the mouth is 2.3 meters large and 1.93 meters wide. It wears a "Nams" crown, a fan-shaped "Nams" turban hanging on the sides of its ears, a "cobra" (cobra: cobra) sacred snake relief carved on its forehead, a drooping long beard, the symbol of the emperor on its lower jaw, a collar around its neck, and an eagle's feathers adorn the lion's body.

For thousands of years, the sphinx has been buried to the shoulder by sand, and a strange head is exposed on the horizon of the Sahara Desert. In 1817, the explorer of Genoa, Captain Giovanni Battista Cavelia, led 160 people to dig out the stone statue, but the sand quickly fills the dug sand pit. This time, the first excavation of sphinx in modern history failed. Until the late 1930s, Egyptian archaeologist Salim Hassan finally liberated the colossus from the yellow sand. At that time, the New York Times declared: "Sphinx finally emerged from the impenetrable shadow of oblivion and became a landmark."
Who built the Sphinx is also a mystery. At first, ancient Egyptologists believed that it was Pharaoh Khufu, who was built to guard his pyramids. This statement derived a vivid description: in 2610 BC, Pharaoh Khufu came here to inspect his soon completed tomb, the Great Pyramid. Huff found that there was still a huge stone left in the quarry, and immediately ordered the masons to carve a Sphinx according to his face.
However, Rennard and other archaeologists gradually deduced that the statue was built by the order of Pharaoh Hafr, the son of Khufu. Hafner ruled Egypt in 2600 BC. The dynasty lasted 500 years and finally collapsed due to war and famine. According to the hieroglyphic records, Khufu built a pyramid 146 meters high for himself, 400 meters away from the place where the Sphinx was built later. Hafer also built his own pyramid, but it is 3 meters shorter than his father's, and 400 meters away from the Sphinx. Rennard found some evidence linking the Sphinx with Pharaoh Haval. The earliest evidence dates back to 1853. That year, a French archaeologist named Auguste found a life size statue of Havre carved in black volcanic stone near the Sphinx. Near the statue was the remains of a building, which was later called Temple Valley. In addition, Auguste also found the remains of a specially paved stone path connecting the Temple Valley and the temple next to the Haffre Pyramid. In 1925, another French archaeologist, Emile Barretz, excavated another ancient architectural relic right in front of the Sphinx, called the Sphinx Temple.
These evidences show that Pharaoh Hafr arranged a great architectural plan, including the Sphinx, his own pyramids and temples, but many archaeologists still insist that the Sphinx was built by Khufu. Until 1980, Rennard hired a young German geographer, Tom Egner. Tom proved in a new way that the Sphinx belonged to the series of buildings of Pharaoh Havre. After checking the stone samples of the Sphinx and the Sphinx Temple, Reiner and Tom found many fossil samples. According to the identification of these fossils, they found that many of the stones used to build the temple walls were cut from the huge stones carved with Sphinx. Apparently, the craftsmen used ropes and pulley cars to pull the remaining huge stones carved with Sphinx to the site where the Sphinx Temple was built for "waste utilization".
So it seems that Hafner included the pyramids, sphinxes and temples in a unified architectural plan, but who carried out this immortal plan? In 1990, an American tourist fell from his horse 800 meters away from the Sphinx. His horse tripped over a low wall. Zahi Hawass, secretary-general of the Egyptian Society of Antiquities and an authority on archaeology, then carried out an investigation and found a cemetery of the ancient Egyptian Kingdom. There are 600 people buried here. In the center is the supervisor's grave, with an epitaph indicating the name and identity of the deceased, and around it are the graves of ordinary workers, without identification. Nine years later, Renal found his lost city near this cemetery. Since the 1980s, ancient buildings have often been found here. Renal and Hawass have been paying close attention to them. But they didn't realize that this is a spectacular residential area, as big as 10 football fields, until they completed precise surveying and mapping. The construction age can be traced back to the reign of Havra. The center of the residential area is a barracks made of four long mud bricks. Like ordinary houses, it has colonnades, sleeping tables and kitchens, but it is larger than ordinary houses and can accommodate 50 people to sleep side by side. Rennard said that the barracks can accommodate 1600 to 2000 workers, and more people can be accommodated if the sleeping platform is a double-layer structure. The diet of the workers showed that they were not slaves. Renal found the remains of male animals under the age of 2 in the site, indicating that the workers' diet was mainly beef. Reiner believed that it was likely that ordinary Egyptians built the Sphinx and its surrounding relics in the form of national taxes or enfeoffment by rotation.
Forty five centuries ago, people lacked iron. Egyptians mainly used stone hammers and copper chisels to complete more detailed work. The researchers found that the copper chisel could not bear to be knocked. It became blunt after only a few times and needed to be replaced frequently. After comprehensive consideration, it is estimated that each worker can cut a cubic foot of stone every week. At this rate, 100 workers can complete the Sphinx in 3 years.

The Sphinx's face is better preserved than that of most ancient statues, but its nose has been completely damaged after weathering and man-made destruction for thousands of years. According to the records of an Arab historian in 1402, a Sufi fanatic deliberately destroyed his face in order to "correct religious errors". However, there are still many clues to infer what the stone statue looked like at first. In the early 19th century, people excavated fallen stone beards and cobra headwear representing the Egyptian monarchy. There are still residual red dyes on the faces of stone statues, which led archaeologists to speculate that the whole face was once red, while yellow and malachite blue pigments were also found in other parts, which led Rennard to suspect that the original statues wore gaudy colors.

If you haven't seen the Sphinx, you can't say you've been to Egypt. A few kilometers west of Cairo, you come to the village of Giza. The huge stone statue standing on the east side of Khufu Pyramid is the Sphinx, which attracts tourists from all over the world with its attractive magic power. "Monster" -- Sphinx's head with sphinx, is it true that Hu Fu is the model? However, it is a pity that the Sphinx's nose was broken for unknown reasons in history, which is detrimental to its beauty and coordination.
This is an eternal mystery. Wouldn't it be laughed at to carve something with your face to protect your tomb? That obviously lowered Pharaoh's value. In ancient mythology, the Sphinx is a monster born of a giant and a demon snake: a human head, a lion's body, with wings, named Sphinx. Sphinx was cruel by nature. He learned many riddles from the Muse, the goddess of wisdom, and often stayed at the crossroads. Every pedestrian must guess a riddle if he wants to pass. If he guesses wrong, he will eat them all. There are countless victims. Once, a king's son was eaten by Sphinx. The king was so angry that he offered a reward: "Whoever can subdue him, give him the throne!" Depus, a brave young man, was summoned by the king to avenge himself. He walked and walked until he came to the intersection guarded by Sphinx. "Young man, guess the riddle and let it pass." Sphinx took out the hardest and hardest one to guess for him. "What is it to be able to make a sound and walk with four legs in the morning, two legs at noon and three legs at night?" "This is a man." The clever Dipps quickly guessed it. When Dipus wins, he reveals the mystery; But Sphinx refused to admit defeat, and gave Dipus a riddle: "What grows first, then becomes shorter, and finally becomes longer?" Dipps guessed the "shadow" of the riddle, so Sphinx revealed his true colors and used suicide to redeem his sins.
It is said that the Sphinx is carved according to the shape of Sphinx. In fact, the Sphinx is not unique to Cairo, Egypt. Only this one in Cairo is the largest and the oldest. However, the large and small sphinx figures (or ox head, sheep head, etc.) carved everywhere are squatting. The difference is that some of them also raised a paw. [2]

For thousands of years since the birth of the Sphinx, it has been exposed to the wind and the sun. The color on its face has long fallen off, and the finely carved holy snake and drooping long beard have long disappeared. However, the most deplorable thing is, how did it lose its nose? This is another "mystery". It is widely said that when Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, he saw it solemn and majestic, as if to "demonstrate" to himself. In anger, he ordered his subordinates to blow off its nose with artillery shells. However, this statement is not reliable. Long before Napoleon, there were records about its lack of nose.
It is also said that five hundred years ago, the Sphinx was used as the "target" of artillery by the Mamluk soldiers of the Egyptian king (the near guards of Egypt in the Middle Ages). Perhaps by that time, it had been "wounded" and its nose was "painted". However, according to some records, the pharaohs and their subjects of all dynasties in Egypt regarded this stone statue as a "sun god", and worshipers kept coming and going. Later, the wind and sand slowly covered more than half of it. At this time, a man who opposed idolatry climbed up the sand dune with a pickaxe and fiercely chiseled out the sand face's nose, destroying its appearance. Strangely, tourists who come to "visit" the Sphinx can see a residual dream tablet between its two claws on its chest. An interesting story is recorded on the monument. 3400 years ago, the young Prince Tomo came here to hunt. Probably exhausted from running, he sat down on the sand to rest. Unexpectedly, he fell asleep and dreamt that the stone statue said to him: "I am the great Hur Um Ukht (the god worshipped by the ancient Egyptians, which means the eagle). The sand is too strong for me to breathe. If you can remove the sand from me, then I will make you the king of Egypt." After the prince woke up, he mobilized a large number of manpower and material resources to dig the Sphinx out of the sand, And built a sand wall beside it. In the long years, stone statues have tasted the "pain" of being buried in the sand many times. Perhaps for this reason, Herodotus, the famous Greek historian, made a detailed and vivid description of the pyramids when he visited Egypt in the fifth century BC, without mentioning the Sphinx at hand. It is likely that by this time it has been completely covered by sand dunes. It was decades ago that people dug it out of the sand for the last time. [3]
On the other hand, the nose of the Egyptian Sphinx was damaged by pilgrims from the Islamic Sufi sect in the Middle Ages.

Let's take a look at which pharaoh is depicted in his face? Because we know that the Sphinx of ancient Greece is a statue of a man. Except that it is a statue of a man, it is hard to say what it has to do with which special figure? But this sphinx in ancient Egypt, this statue is different. The scarf he was wearing was a very typical scarf worn by the ancient Egyptian pharaoh. The shape was very typical, and there was a trace of a god snake in front of his head. Why is it a trace? Because the original god snake has disappeared. It has gone through so many years of wind and rain and man-made destruction. But we can see that there is a sculpture in this place. This thing must be the god snake, and not every ordinary people can have such a right to wear it on the top of their turban, in front of it, which is the symbol of Pharaoh.

So people have such a reasoning, that is, if we can identify this statue, the statue of Sphinx, whose face sculpture is a specific pharaoh, then we can generally know the birth and death year of this pharaoh. So we can tell who it belongs to, and we can know when it was built. So we see that this is a statue of two pharaohs, not one pharaoh, two pharaohs. On the left is Huff's son, Huffrey. That is to say, this Sphinx statue and the pyramid behind it are also the owner of the second highest pyramid in Egypt. He is Huffrey; The one on the right is called Jandevri, who is also the son of Khufu. He is the elder brother of Khufu. He also ruled Egypt and was a pharaoh. After Khufu died, he took over Khufu as the ruler of Egypt. But his time is very short. He died three to four years later, not only dead, but also very interesting? In the Old Kingdom, pharaohs were used to building their pyramids very large and all of them were built in Giza, so Giza became a synonym for a pyramid. However, he did not build his pyramids in Giza, but in Abravash, north of Giza, where the pyramids were very small. Why? Let's not talk about it. However, he did not have his own tomb in Giza, There is no pyramid of its own. He is also very short-lived. Why? We can speculate, but in any case, he died three to four years later. His younger brother, Hafri, began to take his place. As the ruler of the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, he continued to rule Egypt and built a huge pyramid. Then there was such a sphinx in front of the pyramid. Who is this Sphinx like? We can turn it back to see this Sphinx.
Sphinx
If there is a nose, it may be better, but we can see the mouth more or less clearly. After repeated comparisons, even some computer measurements, what is the final conclusion of ordinary scholars? Although it is in front of the pyramid of Hafri, it is generally considered to be a building and an accessory building of Hafri's pyramid, but people feel that it is more like his brother Jandefri in appearance. Then people will have such an idea, so who built this pyramid? Did Huffrey build it, or did his brother build it? If his brother built it, did his brother die mysteriously in the process of building it? If he died mysteriously, who would succeed him? Who makes the profit? It was Hufrey. After making profits, Hufrey not only stole a throne from his brother, but also took his brother's pyramid as his own. He built his own brilliant pyramid which was noticed by later generations. It is very possible, but whether it is his brother's or his brother's, whether it is Jandevri's or Huvri's, someone even suggested that it may not be him or him, but their father, Khufu, built it. However, no matter who built them, their age is generally determined, that is, about 2500 BC, about 4500 years ago.

When John Anthony West, an American scholar, studied the Sphinx, he found that although it stood on the high cliff in the west of Giza Plain, it could be regarded as high above, except for its head, the whole Sphinx was indisputable submerged. It seems that the Sphinx was once immersed in water. According to historical records, Egypt has been plagued by huge floods in the sea and the Nile for many times. The last big flood occurred around 10000 BC. It can be inferred that if the Sphinx was submerged, it must have been built before the flood. According to this statement, the Sphinx was built 10000 years ago.

So people continued to search. In an ancient inscription, the inscription was carved on a stone, and the ancient Egyptian characters appeared in the wall reliefs. Then people found such an inscription in these characters. It said that Horus on the ground started to walk from the east bank or the other side of the winding river 70 days before the summer solstice, and started to walk toward this side. Then 70 days later, Another magical combination between him and the ground happened at the moment when the sun rose. So people began to analyze this inscription, and began to find its true meaning. So what does this Horus mean from this shore to this shore? People also started walking according to the first 70 days of this summer solstice. Walking from this bank to this bank is, at best, walking near the pyramids, and there is no such answer to their understanding of this problem. So people are worried, thinking about whether we are wrong about it. Later, there was a wise man who said that when we talked about walking from the river that was winding on the ground on the horizon, it did not mean the river that was winding on the ground, nor the Nile on the ground. What river is it? There is also a river corresponding to us and the ground. What is this river? We all know it's called Galaxy. Before April 11 every year, people would stand in Giza to observe the eastern part of the Milky Way, and found that there was a star, the sun, and a bright star, the sun appeared there. People began to observe the star and sun, and the observation result was that it really fell to the horizon 70 days later. Where did it fall? This is what has been shown. It really moved over the winding Milky Way in the sky and came to this side. It was really at that point on the horizon. It appeared 70 days later, and there was a constellation in this place. What constellation? Leo. Horus and Leo became one at this time. So people think that the inscriptions in ancient Egypt refer to this. Then we can know why such a mysterious statue built in front of the pyramid is a lion rather than a jackal, rather than a baboon or other animal. He felt that it coincided with such an astronomical phenomenon, their beliefs and their myths and legends.
The purpose of Hafra's Sphinx construction is still controversial. Reiner put forward his own theory, which is mainly based on his research on the Sphinx Temple. The remaining walls of the temple can still be seen from the front of the Sphinx. The land surrounded by this wall is surrounded by 24 stone columns in a circle. The temple is planned to be built on the east-west axis of the stone column circle, and the axis is composed of a pair of small shrines. Or the temple marked that each shrine was about the size of a closet. Swiss archaeologist Herbert Ritchie studied the temple in the late 1960s, and believed that the axis symbolized the movement of the sun. The east-west axis pointed to the direction of sunrise and sunset at the spring and autumn equinoxes every year, and was located in the center of the summer solstice and winter solstice. Reiner further deduced that the 24 stone pillars represent the 24 hours that the sun goes through every day.
Reiner also found that if he stood in front of the eastern shrine at the spring and autumn equinox, he would see a strange astronomical event: the sun sank into the shoulders of Sphinx, and then fell into the horizon on the south side of the Hafra Pyramid. "At this time of the year," Rennard said, "the Sphinx and the pyramids both represent the king's architecture and will be merged into one silhouette. The Sphinx itself seems to symbolize the pharaoh's dedication to the sun god in the temple." Hawass agreed with this view, and believed that the Sphinx was a hawk god, whom the Egyptians regarded as a symbol of the royal family, who was devoting his two claws to his father, Khufu, who was the embodiment of the sun god, and that the rise and fall of the sun god was in the temple every day.
More interestingly, standing in front of the Sphinx on the summer solstice, you can see that the sun seems to be setting between the pyramids of Havra and Khufu. This phenomenon is described as "horizon" in hieroglyphs, which also symbolizes the reincarnation and rebirth of life. If Reinar and Hawass are correct, then Hafra arranged the building positions of pyramids, sphinxes and temples according to the activities of the sun. The whole complex is a cosmic engine, which aims to revive the pharaoh's soul by using the power of the sun and other ancient Egyptian gods. This change not only guarantees the eternal life of the rulers after death, but also maintains the universal natural order, including seasonal changes, the annual flooding of the Nile River and the daily life of the people.
In this sacred cycle, which symbolizes death and resurrection, the Sphinx may represent many things: it represents the dead king Hafra, the ruler incarnated as the sun god, and it is also the guardian of the underworld and tombs.

From the inside, we can see that there are two front claws on both sides of the picture, and the middle tablet is a tablet erected by Thutmosis IV. Of course, the content of the dream tablet is written in Egyptian hieroglyphs. We can see this clearly. The main story here is how he slept here and had a dream. In this dream, how did Sphinx promise him that if you clean up for me, I will guarantee that you will become the next Pharaoh. No matter whether the dream is real or false, the dream tablet exists, which starts the work of cleaning up the debris and sand around the sphinx bit by bit. After each cleaning, it is buried again several years later, and then cleaned up again. The work of cleaning up should be said to let the future generations see its complete image, which is not without credit.
But cleaning up again and again has also brought some unnecessary damage to the huge buildings, which can not be said to be unnecessary, and may also be inevitable. What damage? It is a kind of damage caused by natural wind, rain and upward transpiration of underground water. Gradually, many things fell off from it, causing more and more damage.
During the Second World War, in order to prevent the head portrait from collapsing due to artillery fire, a high wall was built under its jaw. In recent years, people have found that the head, neck, back and chest of the Sphinx are constantly peeling off, and the body is obviously "emaciated". "The Sphinx is ill!" When the news spread, it shocked Egypt. The parliament discussed it urgently, newspapers and magazines reported it, and cultural relics experts from various countries came in droves. People worry that the huge head will suddenly fall off one day. So, where is its root cause? In the past, people have paid attention to the prevention and treatment of Sphinx diseases, such as sticking limestone similar to the original stone on its surface to prevent it from falling off, but the effect is not good.
During the Second World War, some people infiltrated the stone statue with barium hydroxide solution on its neck, and chemically changed it with calcium carbonate to produce a solid substance. However, many people hold different opinions, because the treated places still fall off. People objected to the uncertain experiment on rare treasures. It is undoubtedly right to look for a comprehensive treatment plan from a strategic perspective, but it is not easy! It is still an urgent problem to discuss which best prescription to use to suit the situation.
In addition to the pyramids, the Sphinx, the Sphinx guarding the three pyramids, is the best symbol of Egypt. The legend of Sphinx has long been a household name, but it is unclear who the Sphinx was built by. According to the traditional view, the Sphinx was built 4500 years ago by Pharaoh Hara according to his own appearance, because the name of the pharaoh is engraved on the stone tablet between the two claws of the statue. However, according to the same stone tablet records, around 1400 BC, Prince Tuttamus was entrusted by the god Hur Umo Uhat in his dream to dig his statue out of the yellow sand. From this point of view, this statue should be the statue of God Hur. Other legends also mentioned that the Sphinx had existed as early as the reign of Pharaoh Khufu.
The Historical Mystery of the Sphinx
Scholars have studied Sphinx from various aspects. An American geologist found that the erosion of the Sphinx showed that its history was much longer than people thought. French scholars pointed out that the Sphinx's whole body was submerged by the flood, and only its head was exposed. However, according to meteorologists' research on the climate history of the Sahara region, such a large amount of precipitation only existed 10000 years ago. Other researchers found that the tail of the Sphinx was not built in the same age as the main body. Maybe Pharaoh Hafra only trimmed it, not its builder. The Sphinx was actually built more than 7000 to 9000 years ago. Of course, some people think that the water that eroded the Sphinx was evaporated from the Nile. If this statue existed long ago, why was it not mentioned in ancient Egyptian books?