Francesco Sauvignon was a Catholic missionary sent by Portugal to Asia. Born in Navarre, Spain. Born into a noble family. When studying philosophy at the University of Paris, he became one of the first Jesuits members after being persuaded by Ignatius of Loyola. In 1537, he was promoted to priest. In 1540, he was sent by King Joao III of Portugal to sail eastward under the name of Pope Paul III of Rome. He arrived in Goa, India in 1542 and later transferred to Singapore, Malacca, and other places. In 1549, he took a Chinese merchant ship to Yamaguchi, Japan, and the coast of Bungo Channel to preach. In 1551, he arrived at Shangchuan Island, Taishan, China, by Portuguese merchant ship from Japan, and died on the island because of the strict sea ban in the Ming Dynasty, which prevented him from entering the mainland.
Samelius was the first Jesuits to preach in the East. He was one of the founders of the Jesuits and first spread Catholicism to Malacca and Japan in Asia. The Catholic Church referred to him as the "greatest missionary in history"; It is the "main guardian of missionaries".
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Early Career
He lived in the castle when he was young. Although he often met the martial knights, his nature made him bypass the road to the military. At the age of 18, he entered the Saint Barber's College in Paris to receive a comprehensive education. Due to his outstanding academic performance, at the age of 22, Shabello was appointed as a lecturer in Aristotle's philosophy at Beauvais College and regarded as a scholar.
As the Jesuits regarded Jerusalem as its holy place, Shapiro left Paris for Venice in 1536 to join Loyola, who had arrived here earlier, in order to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. However, due to the war between European countries and the Ottoman Empire, they were unable to travel to the East, so in 1537, Sabius followed in the footsteps of Loyola to Rome.
In 1540, Shapiro became one of the first missionaries of the Jesuits, and went to India, Japan and other places in the east to preach under the order of the Holy See. After 8 months of difficult sailing, Shabello arrived in Goa in December 1541. In his letter to President Loyola, he said that Goa had become a Christianization city, where there was a college to train local indigenous missionaries.
After several months of preaching work in Cape Comorin, Saburo calmly realized that achieving the success of missionary work in India would be a long and arduous task. So he demanded that the Holy See send some well-intentioned and virtuous missionaries to India.
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Preaching to East Asia
In order to widely understand the general progress of Eastern missionary cause, Sha Wulue came to Malacca at the end of 1545. Four months later, he arrived on Anwen Island again. After familiarizing himself with the islands in the Southeast Asian waters, he began to turn his gaze to East Asia.
On August 15, 1549, Saburo set foot on Japanese soil with two other monks, two servants, and Anri, who was already a Catholic. In his contact with the Japanese, he believed that Japan was the ideal place he sought to achieve the Millennium Kingdom of Catholicism, and that the Japanese were the most exceptional people found on the land. They have good discipline and excellent moral character. With the help of Anluri, Shawulu also wrote a brief prayer book in Japanese. Only by mastering the local language can progress in missionary work be achieved. This became one of the important basis points for the Eastern missionary strategy of Saburo.
During the process of preaching in Japan, Saburo also found that the biggest obstacle to the dissemination of the Gospel of Christ was the belief of a considerable number of Japanese in Buddhism. If the claims of Buddhism cannot be refuted from a doctrinal perspective, then it is impossible to gain Japanese respect and conversion to Christianity, and it is also impossible to gain social prestige.
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Sha Wulue has realized that without refuting Buddhist doctrine, one cannot establish the reputation of Christianity. To establish the reputation of Christianity, missionaries sent to the East should not only have general knowledge, but also understand science. In fact, using Western knowledge and science to pave the way for the dissemination of Christianity has become another cornerstone of the Eastern missionary strategy of Saburo.
Japan is a country with its own inherent culture. To achieve success in spreading Christian doctrine in Japan, Saburo specifically summarized that missionaries should adapt to the local culture. And this is precisely the core idea of the Eastern missionary strategy of Saburo.
Luo Yaola appointed Sha Wulue as the "Pope's Special Envoy" to preach in the East, with the aim of systematizing the "adaptation" strategy and highlighting its feasibility through his missionary activities in the East. The historical achievement of Sha Wulue lies in establishing a series of principles for the "adaptation" strategy, as mentioned earlier. Whether the principles established by Sha Wulue for the "adaptation" strategy can be applied to Eastern countries remains to be tested in practice.
On November 20, 1551, Saburo returned to India. During this period, he began to think about a new problem, namely the Christianization of China. In Japan, Saburo began to realize that Japanese culture was deeply influenced by China. China, on the other hand, is a country with abundant resources and a prosperous civilization. Therefore, the idea of spreading the Gospel in China emerged in Shawulue. [1]
At that time, it was very difficult for foreign missionaries to enter China. Except for officially dispatched envoys, China prohibits all foreigners from entering. Sha Wulue organized a mission to China in India - as long as he was allowed to enter China and see the emperor, he could preach in China. With the help of his business friends, he quickly organized a mission to China. In April 1552, he left Goa, India. But things didn't go as smoothly as expected. When they arrived in Malacca, the mission was detained, and Saburo's plan failed.
Entering China
The failure strengthened Sha Wulue's determination to enter China. He took Shangchuan Island, which is close to the coast of China, as a base and began to explore new entry methods. In August 1552, Shabu took the "Holy Cross" to Shangchuan Island, China, 30 nautical miles away from Guangzhou. At that time, the island was a stronghold for Portuguese merchants and Chinese coastal residents to engage in smuggling trade. After arriving at Shangchuan Island, Shawulue began to realize that the Ming government strictly controlled the entry of foreigners, and the missionary situation in China was very serious. But this did not shake Saburo's determination to spread the gospel in inland China. On the one hand, he carefully arranged a plan to secretly infiltrate the mainland of China, while also considering emergency measures if his proposed plan could not be implemented. That is, the following year, when Siam sent a tribute mission to China, he wanted to seek a seat to enter Beijing with the delegation of that country. [2]
Unfortunately passed away
In 1552, he found a ship to China after thousands of hardships, but unfortunately he contracted malaria and was terminally ill. Finally, he landed on Shangchuan Island, a sparsely populated island near the coast of China. Due to a lack of medicine, his health deteriorated and he finally passed away on December 3rd at the age of 46. He was later buried in India and was listed as a saint by the church in 1662. His cemetery also became a holy place for worship.
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Legends and Rites
It is said that the body of Shawulu did not decay for a long time and was displayed to people all the way. It was not until 1554 that it was buried in Goa, India. In 1662, Shabelle was listed as a saint by the church, and his cemetery became a holy place for worship. At the same time, the monasteries of San Jos é in Malacca, Rome and Macao all have some relics of Sabelio.
In 1554, Alkazova, a close friend of Saburo when he was in Japan, came back to Europe by way of Shangchuan Island Island and went to the cemetery of Baisaburo. That is to say, since this year, Shangchuan Island has become a holy place for Western missionaries to visit the Sands, and has also turned Shangchuan Island into a place where diverse cultures meet. [2]
In 1639, the Jesuits in Macao built the Cenotaph in the Shawulue cemetery; In 1869, the French funded the construction of a tomb hall, a monument and a church on Shangchuan Island.
Nowadays, there is a tomb hall and a tomb tower built in the Fangjigo Shawulue Cemetery in Taishan City. The tomb hall is a magnificent Spanish ancient architecture, with a wooden coffin displayed inside, which was consecrated by believers during the Kangxi period; There are two sets of pictures hanging on the four walls, one depicting the beginning and end of Jesus' crucifixion, and the other depicting the deeds of Shasha's eastward journey. Turn around the church, climb 180 stone steps along the way of the back mountain, and then climb to the top of the mountain, you will find the Tombstone of Shawulue, engraved with: "Francis Shawulue, the sage of the Jesuits Stacy, ascended to heaven in the winter of his son in the 31st year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, and has built a monument for all his friends in the 12th year of Chongzhen." Today, every year, foreign tourists and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao come to pay homage to tourism. The South China Sea is vast and scattered with countless islands, each with its own unique characteristics. However, this is the only place where Chinese and Western cultures converge, unique to Shangchuan. [2]
Later, when the Jesuits built the first Episcopal see's Church in China from 1847 to 1853, it named it the Saint Fang Jigesha Brewer's Church of Dongjiadu (Dongjiadu, Shanghai).
What can be comforted for Saint Francis Sabelius is that on October 6, 1582, Matteo Ricci Ricci successfully introduced Catholicism into ancient China.
2006 marks the 500th anniversary of the birth of Saint Francis Sabius. The commemorative event will last for a whole year. In Navarre, the hometown of Franciscans, Goa, India, the burial place of Franciscans, Malacca, the Philippines and Japan, the pilgrimage has begun.
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