Napoleon Bonaparte (first emperor of France)
Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napol é on Bonaparte, August 15, 1769-may 5, 1821), namely Napol é on I, was born in Corsica. He was a great French strategist and politician in the 19th century and the founder of the first French Empire. He served successively as the first ruler of the first Republic of France (1799-1804) and the first emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was crowned emperor on December 2, 1804, turning the Republic into an empire. During his reign, he was called "the emperor of France" and the second French emperor to enjoy this name since Charles III.

Internally, he repeatedly suppressed the rebellion of reactionary forces, promulgated the Napoleon code, improved the world legal system and established the social order of Western capitalist countries. Externally, he led five troops to break the anti French Alliance composed of Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia and other countries, won more than 50 large-scale battles, dealt a heavy blow to the feudal system of European countries, and safeguarded the achievements of the French Revolution. During his reign in France, he expanded many times, launched the Napoleonic War, and became the king of Italy, the protector of the Rhine Federation, the arbiter of the Swiss Federation, and the colonial Lord of the French Empire (including French colonies, Dutch colonies, Spanish colonies, etc.). In the most glorious period, except Britain, all other countries in Europe surrendered or allied with Napoleon. It formed a huge Napoleon Empire system and created a series of military and political miracles and short-term brilliant achievements.
Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and was later exiled to Elba. After the establishment of the hundred day Dynasty in 1815, he was defeated again in Waterloo and exiled. Napoleon died of illness on St. Helena on May 5, 1821. In 1840, his coffin was welcomed back to Paris, France, and was solemnly buried in the Paris invalids hospital (Paris disabled veterans hospital) on the Bank of the Seine River, France.

In 1769, Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio, Corsica. He was left-handed [2]. His original name was Napoleon buwannaba, which was renamed "Bonaparte" in 1796. Napoleon thought he was a non French at first, hoping to make Corsica independent from France one day [3].
He left his hometown for France on December 15, 1778. He entered Orton middle school on January 1, 1779. Under the arrangement of his father Carlo Bonaparte, Napoleon entered the Brienne Military Academy in France at the age of 10. Napoleon is quite studious, but as an "outsider" from remote and colonial Corsica, the short Napoleon is often bullied by other local students, but he is very tenacious and tenacious. Through his unremitting efforts, he finally won the respect of many local students [1]. During this period, Napoleon showed great talent in mathematics, especially geometry [3].
On October 19, 1784, Napoleon graduated from Brienne with excellent results and was sent to the Paris Military Academy in France to specialize in artillery.
When his father died at the age of 16, Napoleon, who was poor, graduated early, entered the Raphael Legion and was awarded the rank of second lieutenant of artillery [4]. While stationed in various places with the army, he was addicted to various books, including war history works about Alexander, applied physics, mathematics, architecture, records of local conditions and customs of various countries [3], as well as many thinkers' works during the enlightenment, of which Rousseau's thoughts had a great impact on him. In 1789, after the outbreak of the French Revolution, Napoleon returned to Corsica, hoping to take the opportunity to promote the independence of Corsica, but he was strongly opposed by another pro British faction. [5]
In 1791, the political situation in France was unpredictable and the situation was surging. At the beginning of the French Revolution, the constitutional monarchy, which represented the interests of the bourgeoisie and the liberal aristocracy, took power. They established the constitutional monarchy. In 1791, King Louis XVI colluded with foreign feudal reactionary forces. As a result, the conspiracy was exposed and the monarchy was abolished.
In 1792, Gironde, representing the big industrial and commercial bourgeoisie, came to power. On September 22, the kingdom of France was changed to the Republic of France.
In 1793, Louis XVI was executed, Britain formed the first anti French Alliance, and the French Revolution began to face a serious crisis.
In June 1793, the Jacobins, a democratic faction headed by Robespierre and representing the interests of the French middle and small bourgeoisie, took power, and the French Revolution reached a climax. In December, the young major Napoleon tried his ox's sword and unified his troops to defeat the royalist forces and the British army to win the battle of Toulon. Therefore, he was appreciated by the Jacobins and was exceptionally promoted to brigadier general, which was the first time in European military history.
In 1794, Napoleon in the hot moon coup was investigated because of his close relationship with Robespierre [6] brothers. Later, he was removed from the rank of brigadier general because he refused to serve in the infantry of the Italian Legion.
In 1795, he accepted the entrustment of baras, the governor of Paris, and successfully suppressed the armed rebellion of the royalist forces, which was the famous battle to suppress the royalist party. Napoleon was promoted to brigadier general of the army and commander of the Paris garrison overnight, and began to emerge in the military and political circles.

Napoleon was an excellent strategist, who had a deep study of military knowledge at that time, and was good at applying various military strategies to actual combat, especially advocating the centralized use of artillery and giving full play to the mobility of cavalry.
On March 2, 1796, Napoleon, 26, was appointed commander in chief of the Italian front army of the French Republic. On March 9, he married his lady Josephine boarne, and then hurried to the front. In Italy, the French army led by Napoleon defeated the generals of the Austrian Empire, such as wilmze, alvenzi and Borie, and finally forced the other party to sign an armistice treaty in favor of the French Republic. [9]
After the great victory of northern Italy, Napoleon's prestige became higher and higher, making him a people's hero of the French Republic. His rise made the Paris governor feel threatened. He was appointed commander of the Arab Indian Front Army (Oriental Army) of the French Republic and sent to the Middle East to curb the expansion of British power in the region and try to control the Suez Canal and the sea route to Asia. In Napoleon's expedition, in addition to 2000 cannons, he also led 175 scholars from all walks of life, as well as hundreds of boxes of books and research equipment. On the expedition, Napoleon once issued a famous instruction: "let the donkey carrying luggage and scholars walk in the middle of the team.".
In 1798, Napoleon expedited Egypt and occupied Alexandria. Facing the brave Mamluk, Napoleon showed extraordinary military talent and excellent military accomplishment. In July, under the shadow of Giza pyramid, "soldiers! Look at you on the pyramid for 40 centuries! (Napoleon's famous saying)", the shocking results of the pyramid campaign cleared the obstacles to Cairo in one fell swoop and made it gain a terrorist name between Mamluk and Ottoman [4].
Although he commanded the French army to win an overall victory on land, the French fleet was destroyed by British admiral Horatio Nelson in the Abu kil naval battle in August, and the land forces were trapped in Egypt. Napoleon marched into Syria and repulsed the Turkish army many times, but he encountered difficulties such as plague, heat and supply. Finally, it was blocked by the long attack on Aker city. On May 17, he returned to Egypt and encircled and annihilated the Turkish army in Abu KIR. Napoleon still regretted his failure to conquer the castle of acre until his death. In his memoir on St. Helena, he said: "if the castle of acre falls as soon as possible, the face of the world will be changed."