Muawiya I (about 597 or 605-680 years), also translated into Moavia I and Muawiya I, whose real name is Muawiya Ibn Aibi Sufuyan ʿā wiya ibn Ab ī Sufy ā n）。 The fifth generation of the Arab Empire and the first generation of the Umayyad caliph (661-680). He was the founder of the Umayyad dynasty, who ruled the vast Muslim countries known as the "Arab Empire" (the Saracen Empire in European literature).

Muawiya, the second son of Abu Sufuyang, was born in the Umayyad family of the Mekagurlai clan. Abu Sufuyan is famous for opposing the Prophet Muhammad to spread Islam. Muawiya also participated in many anti Muslim campaigns with his father. But after Mecca was occupied by Muhammad in 629, Muawiya and his father converted to Islam together.
Muawiya participated in the war of conquest of Syria by the Arab army in 633, and became the governor of Damascus after the war. When his cousin Osman ibn Afan was appointed caliph, Muawiya was appointed governor of Syria (640). In 654 (or 655), his navy defeated the navy of the Eastern Roman Empire under the command of the Byzantine emperor Constans II in the "Battle of Ship Masts". [1]
The third Khalifa Osman (reigned from 644 to 656) and Muawiya belong to the Umayyad family. During his reign, he met a challenge from a strong opponent, Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Ali is an outstanding Arab knight, who has never suffered defeat in the battlefield in his life. The prophet once sent him a sword and said, "There is no sword except the spine sword, and there is no hero except Ali." He also married his daughter Fatima to the warrior. In 656, Caliph Osman was assassinated, and Ali became the fourth caliph (reigned from 656 to 661). [2]
In 656, after Osman was assassinated by opponents from Iraq and Egypt, Muawiya firmly opposed Ali ibn Abi Talib, nephew of the Prophet, to succeed the caliph. He publicly displayed the blood clothes of Osman and his wife, suggesting that Osman was killed by Ali. The conflict between the two sides was acute, and the Sui Fen War finally broke out in 657. In this battle, Muawiya ordered the soldiers to put many copies of the Quran on the tip of the gun and demanded that Ali accept Allah's verdict. Ali reluctantly accepted the request, and the verdict was that "both sides abandoned the caliph". Of course, Muawiya may have done something in it; Ali's followers are divided by it. In 661, Ali was assassinated by the divided Havalijits. Muawiya lost his rival and finally became the caliph.
In 661, Ali was assassinated by the Hawaliji faction. Muawiya was elected as the caliph relying on his strong strength, and forced Ali's eldest son Hassan to give up his right of inheritance. In order to stabilize the situation, he pretended to agree that Ali's second son Hussein Bin Ali would succeed to the caliph after his death, but during his reign, he actively cultivated the influence of his son Yazede. In 680, Muawiya died, and Yazede attacked and killed Hussein Bin Ali, succeeding the caliph. From then on, Muawiya's descendants inherited the title of caliph, which lasted until 750 years. The dynasty he founded was called Umayyad dynasty. The center of Islam also moved from the Arabian Peninsula to Syria, and Damascus became the capital of the Arab Empire.
Muawiya
Muawiya
Muawiya set the capital in Damascus. Before his death, Muawiya tried to persuade religious leaders to accept his son Yezid as his successor. In this way, the electoral system of the caliph was destroyed and the Umayyad dynasty was formally established. Muawiya I was the first and most politically capable caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. He was one of the most powerful figures of his time and a great diplomat. His policy sheltered the rights and interests of Arab tribal nobles.
The direct descendant of Muawiya only passed down three generations, and when his grandson Muawiya II died. This family is called Sufuyang Branch. The Umayyad caliphs of the past dynasties, which started from the Mayer Yiwu Age, were descendants of Muawiya I's uncle.

After taking the throne, Muawiya expanded from the east to the west, and the tenacious Arabs united under the banner of Allah are still unstoppable. On the eastern front, the army of the Arab Empire continued to move eastward from Persia, captured Kabul, conquered the present Afghanistan, and then marched into the Central Asian prairie. In the southeast, some Arab troops have entered the Indus Valley. On the western front, Byzantium continued to tremble in the fierce wind of swords. In 662, they attacked Asia Minor, and in 669 and 674, they besieged Constantinople twice. Facing the most difficult city in the world history, they failed twice. In 678, they signed a decent peace treaty and retreated. With the expansion of the Arab army to all directions of the world, the followers of Islam have won a large number of believers everywhere with its concise, powerful and emphasis on joining the WTO, making many original religions in the Middle East and Central Asia tend to die out. [2]
During his reign (661~680), he quickly unified and expanded the territory of the Arab Empire, extended his power to Khorasan, and crossed the Wuhu River to Bukhara in Central Asia. During the war, he used Byzantine shipyards to establish the first Muslim navy and successfully commanded a naval battle with the Byzantine navy. He reformed the old political organs, established the National Registry, and began to attach importance to postal affairs. Stable Muslim social order. In 679, he nominated his son Yeqide to succeed the caliph, thereby changing the traditional electoral system of the caliph to the hereditary system.

As the most important founder of the Arab Empire after Omar I and one of the leaders of the great expansion of the Arab Empire, Muawiya undoubtedly deserves a place in this list. His influence on history also has a very important point: because of his seizure of power, he created the Shi'ites. Later, the Shi'ites have been widely spread in Iraq and Iran for more than a thousand years, and have achieved the orthodox status in 16th century Persia. [2]
Muawiya is the best generation of tyrants who combine the triple roles of religious leaders, militarists and politicians. As a religious leader and strategist, Muawiya carried forward the hegemony of the Arab Empire and the spiritual cause of Islam. As a politician, Muawiya has shown great skill in seizing and defending power. Publicity and selfishness are often two essential aspects for a person to achieve great things.