Muaviye I (approximately 597 or 605-680 AD), also translated as Muaviye I or Muaviye I, was originally named Muaviye ibn Ab ī Sufy ā n. The fifth generation of the Arab Empire and the first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty (reigned from 661 to 680). He was the founder of the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled over a vast Muslim country known as the Arab Empire (referred to as the Saracens Empire in European literature).

Muaviye was born into the Womaya family of the Makkakulai clan and was the second son of Abu Sufuyang. Abu Sufuyang is known for opposing the spread of Islam by the Prophet Muhammad, and Muaviye also participated in multiple anti Muslim campaigns with his father. But after Mecca was occupied by Muhammad in 629, Muaviye and his father converted to Islam.
Muaviye participated in the Arab army's conquest of Syria in 633 and became the governor of Damascus after the war.
During the reign of his cousin Osman ibn Afan as caliph, Muaviye was appointed as the governor of Syria (640 AD).
In 654 (or 655), the navy he formed defeated the Eastern Roman Empire navy commanded by Byzantine Emperor Constantine II in the Battle of the Masts.
The third caliph, Ottoman (reigned 644-656), belonged to the Umayyad family along with Muaviyeh. During his reign, he faced a strong challenge from his rival, Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Ali is an outstanding Arab knight who has almost never encountered defeat on the battlefield throughout his life. The prophet once gave him a sword while saying, "There is no sword except for the spine sword, and no hero except for Ali." He also married his daughter Fatima to this warrior.
In 656, Caliph Ottoman was assassinated, and Ali succeeded him as the fourth Caliph (reigned 656-661).
In 656, after Ottoman was assassinated by opponents from Iraq and Egypt, Muaviyeh firmly opposed the prophet's nephew Ali ibn Abi Talib's succession as caliph. He publicly displayed the blood clothes of Osman and his wife, implying that Osman was killed by Ali. The sharp contradictions between the two sides led to the outbreak of the Sui Fen War in 657. In this battle, Muaviye ordered his soldiers to carry many of the Quran on the tip of their guns and demanded that Ali accept Allah's ruling. Ali reluctantly accepted this request, and the ruling was that "both sides renounced the position of caliph". Of course, Muaviye may have tampered with it; Ali's followers split as a result. In 661, a split faction of the Hawalighis assassinated Ali. Muaviye lost his competitors and eventually became the caliph.

In 661, Ali was assassinated by the Hawalighis faction, and Muaviyeh was elected as caliph based on his strong power. He used force to coerce Ali's eldest son Hassan to voluntarily relinquish his inheritance rights. In order to stabilize the situation, he pretended to agree to Ali's second son Hussein bin Ali inheriting the caliphate after his death, but actively cultivated the power of his son Yazid (Yezid I) during his reign.
In 680 AD, Muaviye died, and Azed attacked and killed Hussein bin Ali, inheriting the caliphate. From then on, the descendants of Muaviye inherited the title of Caliph and continued until 750 AD, establishing a dynasty known as the Umayyad Dynasty. The center of Islam also moved from the Arabian Peninsula to Syria, and Damascus became the capital of the Arab Empire.
Muaviye established his capital in Damascus. Before his death, Muaviye managed to persuade religious leaders to accept his son Yezid as his successor. This disrupted the electoral system of the caliph and officially established the Umayyad dynasty. Muaviye I was the first and most politically talented caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. He was one of the most powerful figures of that era and also a great diplomat. His policies protected the rights of Arab tribal nobles.
The direct descendants of Muaviye only passed down three generations, and they became extinct when his grandson Muaviye II passed down. This family is known as the Su Fuyang branch. The caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty, which began with the reign of Merwan I, were descendants of the uncle of Muaviye I.

After ascending to the throne, Muaviyah expanded from the east and west, and the tenacious Arabs united under the banner of Allah remained unstoppable. On the eastern front, the army of the Arab Empire continued eastward from Persia, captured Kabul, conquered the present-day Afghanistan region, and then advanced into the grasslands of Central Asia. In the southeast, some Arab troops have entered the Indus River basin. On the western front, it continued to make Byzantium tremble in the fierce wind of swords. In 662, they invaded Asia Minor, and in 669 and 674, they besieged Constantinople twice. Faced with the most difficult city in world history, they returned without success on both occasions. In 678, they signed a dignified treaty and retreated. The followers of Islam have expanded in various directions around the world with the Arab army. Islamic doctrine, with its concise, powerful, and emphasis on accession, has won a large number of followers wherever it goes, leading to the disappearance of many original religions in the Middle East and Central Asia.
During his reign (661-680), he quickly unified and expanded the territory of the Arab Empire, expanding his influence to Khorasan and crossing the Wuhu River to advance into Bukhara in Central Asia. During the expedition, he utilized Byzantine shipyards to establish the first Muslim navy and successfully commanded a naval battle against the Byzantine navy. He reformed the old political institutions, established the National Registration Bureau, and began to attach importance to postal affairs. Stable Muslim social order. In 679, he nominated his son Yezid to succeed the caliph, thus changing the traditional caliph election system to a hereditary one.

As one of the most important founders of the Arab Empire after Omar I and one of the leaders of the Arab Empire's great expansion, Muaviyah undoubtedly deserves a place on this list. His influence on history is also very important: due to his seizure of power, he created the Shia sect, which later spread widely in Iraq and Iran for over a thousand years and gained orthodox status in 16th century Persia.
Muaviye is the best generation of warlords who combine the three roles of religious leader, military strategist, and politician. As a religious leader and military strategist, Muaviyeh promoted the hegemony of the Arab Empire and the spiritual cause of Islam. As a politician, Muaviyeh has demonstrated shrewd methods in seizing and defending power. Publicity and selfishness are often two essential aspects for a successful person.