Moses (Hebrew: משה, M ō Sheh; Greek: Μωϋσς, M ō Å s ē S; Arabic: موسىٰ, M ū S ā） He is the national leader of the Israelites and is considered by the historical community to be the founder of Judaism. He is considered an extremely important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and according to the tradition of the Israelites, he wrote the Pentateuch. Moses was ordered by God to lead the enslaved Israelites to flee ancient Egypt and travel to a fertile land called Canaan. After more than 40 years of arduous journey, he passed away in the area at the age of 120 when he arrived at his destination. Under the leadership of Moses, the ancient Israelites overcame their tragic fate of being enslaved, learned to abide by the Ten Commandments, and became the first people in history to worship a monotheistic religion.

Moses means to pull up from the water in Hebrew. Because at that time Moses was just a baby, placed in a basket, Pharaoh's daughter rescued Moses from the water and named him. Moses was later known to the Hebrews, and it is unknown what Moses was originally called in Egypt.

The princess saved Moses and raised him as her own son. After growing up, Moses accidentally killed an Egyptian soldier who had beaten up the Israelites. In order to avoid Pharaoh's pursuit, Moses came to Midian and married the daughter of the priest, Zipporah. He had two sons, Gershom and Eliezer. [2] One day, Moses was called by God and returned to Egypt, leading the Jewish slaves who lived in Egypt to leave and return to the promised land flowing with milk and honey - Canaan.

Judaism holds that Moses was the greatest of the prophets. He is the highest leader among Jews, a politician, military strategist, writer, poet, warrior, and Hebrew legislator. In Chinese, it is a collection of various schools of thought. According to the Bible, he personally talked to God and, inspired by his teachings, led the Hebrew people to migrate from Egypt to the promised land of God - now Israel (formerly known as the land of Canaan), freeing them from slavery. According to the Book of Exodus in the Bible, when he led the Hebrews through the Red Sea, God separated the sea and exposed a dry land, with the sea walls on their left and right. The Hebrews crossed the sea like walking on flat ground.

When the Egyptian soldiers pursued the Red Sea, God caused the sea to merge and submerge the pursuers, allowing them to escape smoothly. [3]
On Mount Sinai, he received the Ten Commandments and Testimonies written by God himself, and taught the Hebrews the commandments, laws, and regulations, as well as the construction of the tabernacle. The commandments issued are the Ten Commandments of Moses. (Exodus 19-40)

The Israelites constantly complained due to dissatisfaction, which led to God punishing them for drifting in the wilderness for 40 years until all the first generation who left Egypt died before leading them into the promised land of Canaan. (Numbers of the People Chapter 14) [4]
After enduring 40 years of unreasonable wandering by the Israelites in the wilderness, Moses became angry due to the complaints of the people. He did not follow God's will to "command" the rock to fetch water in Kadesh, but instead struck the rock with a rod to make the water flow out; God punished him and Aaron, saying, "Because you did not believe in me and did not sanctify me in the eyes of the Israelites, you will not bring this congregation into the land I have given them." (Numbers 20) [5]
When Moses was stationed in the plains of Moab, he followed God's command and led the Israelites to retaliate against the Midianites who had deceived them. God ordered Moses to go up to Mount Nebo, where God showed Moses the land he had promised, but he could not enter. (Chapter 21 of Numbers) [6]
After looking at the promised land from afar, Moses died on the mountain. God himself buried him in the valley opposite Beth Peor in the land of Moab, but to this day no one knows his tomb.

Moses died at the age of 120. There is no dizziness in the eyes and no decline in the spirit. The Israelites wept for Moses in the plains of Moab for 30 days, and the days of mourning and mourning for Moses were fulfilled.
There were no more prophets like Moses rising up in Israel in the future; He is known face-to-face by the Lord. The Lord sent him to do all kinds of miracles and wonders in the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, all his servants, and all his land, and to show his mighty hand in the sight of all Israel, to do all great and terrible things. [7]
Moses led the Israelites in five battles throughout his life, each time following God's commands and winning. They faced the two kings of Amalek, Canaanite, and Amen, as well as the five kings of Midian, who were challenging them. (Exodus 17:8-4; Numbers 21:1-3; 21-23; 31; Deuteronomy 3:1-11; 2:24-37) [8]
The Old Testament mentions Moses approximately 767 times, while the New Testament mentions Moses 79 times. It can be seen that Moses was a pivotal figure in the history of the Israelites and was revered by the Jews.

He is a great figure in history, leading a group of slaves to mold them into a nation in an unimaginable predicament, which has influenced and changed the entire process of human history.
Moses, on his journey to lead the Israelites to Canaan, experienced challenges in leadership by his tribe, sister Miriam, and brother Aaron, and ultimately continued to lead the Israelites with God's approval. (Numbers 12; Chapter 16)
The most famous period for Moses is likely in the 13th century BC, as it is widely believed that Pharaoh Ramses II in the Book of Exodus died in 1237 BC.
Because his name comes from Egyptian rather than Hebrew, meaning "child" or "son" (Moses in Hebrew means "pulled out of the water." Because Pharaoh's daughter rescued Moses from the water, he was given this name), the Old Testament mentions Moses about 170 times, and the New Testament mentions Moses more than 70 times. It can be seen that Moses was a pivotal figure in the history of the Israelites, and from his birth less than five hundred years ago, Moses was revered by all Jews. Moses' father's name was Amram, and his mother's name was Jochebed, both of whom were from the Levite family. Moses' brother's name was Aaron, and he was the first high priest of Israel; My sister's name is Miriam and she is a prophetess.
By 500 BC, his fame and reputation had spread to many parts of Europe along with Christianity.
One hundred years later, Muhammad believed that Moses was the true prophet. With the spread of Islam, Moses became a respected figure throughout the Islamic world (even including Egypt).
Even more than three thousand years after his death, Moses is still respected by Jews, Christians, and even many atheists.

Joshua, the son of Nun, inherited him as the leader.
Although Moses was unable to enter the land of Canaan during his lifetime, his soul was able to enter the land after his death. Jesus Christ changed his appearance and shone on Mount Dabor, revealing the face of God. Then, the prophets Moses and Elijah appeared on either side of him, and Jesus talked to them. (Matthew 17:1-9; Mark 9:2-8; Luke 9:28-36; 2 Peter 1:16-18)

Moses returned to Egypt with his wife and two sons, but only told his father-in-law that his purpose of returning to Egypt was to visit his people (4:18). The Bible records that Moses had his wife and two sons ride on the same donkey (4:20), and three of them ride on the same donkey, indicating that the two children were still young and not born to Moses during his early marriage. On the way to a lodging place, a strange thing happened; The Lord met Moses and wanted to kill him (4:24), clearly because Moses had not yet circumcised the child before leaving Midian. Sephora knew that Moses' life was in danger, so she personally performed this ritual and said to her husband, "You are truly my blood groom." (4:25) Regardless of what other significance this unusual encounter with God had, it was indeed a serious reminder to those who were the leaders of the covenant not to ignore any part of the covenant (Genesis 17:10-14).

God ordered Aaron (who was still in Egypt) to go up to the mountain where he appeared to Moses in the flames of thorns, and to meet his younger brother there. Moses told Aaron everything that had happened and returned to Egypt together, gathering all the elders and telling them everything. When Moses and Aaron performed miracles in front of the people, they believed that these two leaders were sent by God to save them from suffering (Exodus 4:30,31). [13]
The Third 40 Years - From Egypt to Canaan
Not long after Moses returned to Egypt, accompanied by Aaron, he came to Pharaoh and repeated the Lord's request: "Let my people go and observe the festival to me in the wilderness." (Exodus 5:1) Pharaoh refused this request, claiming that he had never heard of the God of Moses. At that time, the kings of Egypt saw themselves as gods, so we can imagine how insulting Pharaoh thought this was. He not only refused Moses' demands, but also increased the burden on the Hebrews. Before this, the grass used by the Hebrews to make bricks was supplied by the Egyptians. Now they have to pick up the grass themselves, but the number of bricks they make cannot be reduced. The Hebrews turned to Moses in pain and anger, saying, "You have given us a bad reputation before Pharaoh and his servants." (5:21) Even Moses did not understand why, so he complained to God, "Why have you mistreated this people?" (5:22) He saved the Hebrews from the yoke and will lead them into the land he promised Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (6:8). God commanded Moses to come again to Pharaoh, repeat the demand for the release of the Hebrews, and declare that if Pharaoh does not agree, he will be punished.

Aaron's staff turned into a snake
Moses once again entered Pharaoh's palace and reiterated his demand for the release of the Israelites. Moses turned Aaron's staff into a snake, intending to intimidate Pharaoh with it. However, the magicians of Egypt were able to perform this miracle through sorcery, but the snake transformed from Aaron's staff swallowed up the magician's snake. Pharaoh's heart was hardened and he refused to obey Moses. As Moses carried out one disaster after another in the land of Egypt, he revealed the power of God and made Pharaoh submit. These nine disasters include turning the water of the Nile into blood (720-24), frog infestation (81-15), lice infestation (816-19), fly infestation (820-32), livestock infestation (91-7), sores (98-12), hail infestation (913-25), locust infestation (112-20), and darkness infestation (1021-29).

Ten disasters befall Egypt
When Moses carried out the plagues of frogs, flies, hail, locusts, and darkness, Pharaoh felt embarrassed. He temporarily softened and agreed to Moses' demands, but after the natural disaster, his heart became even harder and he withdrew his recognition. The first nine disasters severely damaged Egypt, but the Israelites were not released until the appearance of the tenth disaster, which was also the most terrifying disaster.

The first Passover
God told Moses that another calamity was about to befall the Egyptians: "All the firstborn sons of Pharaoh who sat on the throne in the land of Egypt, from the maidservants after the mill, and all the firstborn livestock, shall die." (11:5) In addition, he assured Moses that this calamity would not harm any Hebrew household, "so that you may know that the Lord has separated the Egyptians from the Israelites." (11:7)
God guided the Israelites through Moses and Aaron to prepare to leave Egypt as soon as possible. They asked the Egyptians for gold and silver vessels (11:2, 3), and God commanded the Hebrews to prepare one lamb for each household. If there were few people, they could take one lamb with their neighbors. This was prepared for the last dinner in Egypt (later became a tradition for the Passover throughout the Israelites). The blood of the lamb shall be smeared on the door frame and lintel, and the Israelites shall eat the Passover dinner inside the house. God promised the Hebrews that anyone who had blood painted on their door would not be harmed. In addition, they were instructed to prepare unleavened cakes.
The disaster of killing the eldest son struck the Egyptians
In the middle of the night, the angel of death of the Lord rose up and struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, from Pharaoh's eldest son to those imprisoned in prison. No family among the Egyptians could escape this disaster.

Exiting Egypt
Pharaoh saw what had happened and ordered Moses and the Israelites to immediately leave the land of Egypt (12:31, 32). The Egyptians, fearing the God of the Hebrews, all agreed to this request from the Israelites who demanded gold, silver, and clothing. The Bible says that about 600000 men (600000) left Egypt. The total number of people, including women and children, may exceed 2 million (2000000), with many idle people and herds of cattle and sheep, which is a very serious blow to Egypt's economy.
The event of leaving Egypt is known as the focus of the Old Testament; Undoubtedly, this is the central event of the Old Testament and also the moment when Israel progressed into a nation. Jews today still look back on this event and see God's great redemption of Israel in history, just as Christians see faith in the cross as a great redemption.
At present, we cannot accurately determine the route of the Hebrews leaving Egypt, but scholars have provided many different opinions. The Israelites did not take the shortest and most direct route (which was along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, about a 10 day journey) because God feared that the people would regret returning to Egypt if they encountered the Philistines for war. Therefore, God led the people to take a detour and take the path of the Red Sea wilderness. (Exodus 13:18) The Hebrews did not forget that Joseph had asked them to return to their homeland and bring his bones with them (Genesis 50:25; Exodus 13:19).

On the road, there is a pillar of cloud in front of the Israelites by day, and a pillar of fire by night. The Cloud Pillar represents God being with them and guiding them on the path ahead.
Crossing the Red Sea
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, "Command the Israelites to turn back and camp in front of Bihahiroth, in the middle of Midod and the sea, facing Baal Zephon and near the sea. Pharaoh will say, 'The Israelites have wandered in the land, and the wilderness has trapped them.' I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he will pursue them, and I will be honored in Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord.".

Pharaoh prepared his chariots and led his army along, bringing 600 specially selected chariots and all the chariots of Egypt, each with a chariot commander. The Egyptians pursued them, and all the horses, chariots, cavalry, and army of Pharaoh caught up with them by the sea near Pi Hashiroh in front of Baal Zephon, where they had camped.
The Hebrews saw a patch of dust getting closer and closer, and knew that the Egyptian army was chasing after them, feeling very panicked. They faced the vast ocean, with no way ahead and pursuers behind, unsure of what to do. So the Israelites turned to Moses and blamed him for bringing them out of Egypt. God once again assured them that they did not need to be afraid or defend themselves. He promised to fight this battle for them and to give them victory (Exodus 14:14).

The Lord used a strong east wind to separate the waters of the Red Sea (which some scholars believe to be the Reed Sea), allowing the Israelites to walk through the dry land to the other side of the sea.
The Egyptians caught up from behind and followed the Israelites on the dry seabed, but before they reached the other shore, the sea had healed and Egyptian soldiers and horses were drowned in the sea. The Israelites arrived safely on the other shore. Moses' sister Miriam (referred to as the prophetess for the first time here) led the Israelites to celebrate God's salvation with poetry (Exodus 15), and then continued their journey. The following narrative depicts the Israelites struggling to survive in the desert - lacking food and water, internal discord, blaming Moses, fighting against enemies, and so on. In these experiences, Moses became their united strength and great spiritual leader.