Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (April 22, 1870 January 21, 1924), formerly Vladimir Ilyich ulyanov, Russian simbilsk (now Ulyanovsk city) [17]. Proletarian revolutionist, politician, theorist and thinker. He once served as chairman of the people's Committee of the Soviet Union (i.e. the Prime Minister of the Soviet Union), chairman of the National Defense Committee of workers and peasants and other important posts. [1-2]
In August, 1887, he entered the law department of Kazan university to study [18]. Graduated from St. Petersburg University in 1891. In 1892, he began to organize a Marxist group and translated the Communist Manifesto into Russian. In 1895, the working class liberation struggle association was established. In december1900, he founded the first Marxist political newspaper Mars in Russia. In january1912, the Bolsheviks were expelled from the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, making the Bolsheviks an independent Marxist party. During the first World War, he led the Bolshevik party to adhere to proletarian internationalism. In November, 1917, he led the Russian October Revolution to success and established Soviet Russia. From 1918 to 1920, he led the people of the whole country to repel the armed interference of 14 capitalist countries and the rebellion of the domestic reactionary class. After the civil war, he led the whole party to shift the focus of its work to organizing socialist construction. He died in Gorky village on January 21, 1924 at the age of 53. [1] [3-6] [48]
Lenin was the founder of the first socialist country in the world and the first proletarian ruling party in the world. He successfully led the October Socialist Revolution in Russia, transforming socialism from scientific theory to great practice. Leninism, as a new development and achievement of Marxism in the era of imperialism and proletarian revolution, has opened up the road to the nationalization of Marxism. Lenin was generally recognized by Communists all over the world as "the great mentor and spiritual leader of the international proletarian revolution", and one of the most influential figures in the 20th century. [1] His works were included in the complete works of Lenin.

Lenin, 4
Vladimir ilyichlenin (formerly ulyanov) was born on April 22, 1870 in the city of sinbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River in Russia.
Lenin, 17
On August 28th, 1879, Lenin, who was only nine and a half years old, skipped the preparatory class and successfully entered the middle school through the examination. From then on to the age of 17, Lenin had been studying at the simbilsk classical middle school. He is diligent and studious, and his academic performance is excellent at school. He is rewarded by the school every time he is promoted. On June 22nd, 1887, Lenin graduated from middle school. His graduation certificate had only 4 points for one subject and 5 points for the other ten subjects. When he graduated, he won a gold medal for his excellent character and learning.
When Lenin was young, he witnessed the poor lives and miserable experiences of the urban poor in simbilsk and the farmers nearby, and his heart aroused deep sympathy for the working people and strong dissatisfaction with the social status quo. He widely read progressive books, especially the works of the Russian revolutionary democrats such as v. g. Belinsky and Ni. GA. Chernychevsky, and was deeply influenced by the revolutionary democratic thought. In his senior year of middle school, he first saw the "capital" brought home by his brother Alexander, who was studying in St. Petersburg, and began to contact Marxism.
In May, 1887, when Lenin was about to graduate from middle school, his brother Alexander was arrested and killed by the Czar authorities for participating in the assassination of the Czar organized by the popular opinion party. In July, the Lenin family came to Kazan to settle down. In August, Lenin entered the law department of Kazan University. At the end of the year, he was arrested and exiled for participating in the progressive student movement. The following autumn, Lenin returned to Kazan, joined the Marxist group organized by Fedoseyev, began to systematically study Marx's capital and Plekhanov's works, and became a Marxist.
In 1889, Lenin moved to Samara with his family. He studied by himself tenaciously and completed the four-year course in a year and a half.
In 1891, Lenin passed the examination of the law department of St. Petersburg university with the qualification of non university students, and was awarded the diploma of excellent students. Later, he obtained the qualification of paralegal. He often appeared in Samara district court to defend poor farmers.

Early activities
A. moravov in the Marxist group in Samara (oil painting)
In August, 1893, Lenin came to St. Petersburg. He organized and led Marxist group activities, actively spread Marxism, and fought against the wrong ideological trend that affected the workers' movement.
In 1894, Lenin wrote "what are the" Friends of the people "and how do they attack the Social Democrats?", It criticizes the theoretical views and political programs of the liberal populists, and systematically expounds the basic principles of historical materialism founded by Marx and Engels; It expounds that the people are the creators of history, and class struggle is the driving force of class social development; This paper expounds the historical position and great mission of the proletariat, and puts forward the task of establishing a working party.
In the spring of 1895, Lenin went to Western Europe to establish relations with the leading personality of the labor liberation society, a Russian Marxist group, and others, and investigated the labor movement in Western Europe. In October of the same year, after his return, Lenin united all Marxist groups in St. Petersburg to establish the St. Petersburg working class liberation struggle Association, which realized the combination of Marxism and the workers' movement for the first time in Russia. At the end of 1895, Lenin was arrested and jailed for spying on his internal traitors.
Gaorongsheng's writing in prison (woodcut)
In February 1897, after 14 months in prison, Lenin was sentenced to exile for three years. He left St. Petersburg for the exile area in eastern Siberia, and arrived at the exile area - shushensk village in the minusinsk region of yenisesk Province in May. During his three years in Siberia, he began to use the pseudonym "Lenin". [18]
In 1899, Lenin finished the book "the development of Russian capitalism" in exile, thus thoroughly clearing up the wrong theories of the populists.
In February, 1900, Lenin's exile in Siberia ended. Shortly after returning to St. Petersburg, Lenin went to Western Europe to study at the University of Geneva in Switzerland, and then went to Stuttgart, Munich, Leipzig, Prague, Vienna, Manchester and London to engage in professional political activities. In Munich, Germany, he cooperated with Martov to establish the first newspaper of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, Mars, which was published in Leipzig and London. During this period, he used many aliases, and finally took "Lenin" as his official name.

Party building struggle
From 1901 to 1902, he wrote "what to do?" A book. The book clearly expresses its opposition to Bernstein's revisionism, criticizes the party's "economic" line, believes that the backward groups should accept the leadership of the advanced groups, and requires that the party be built into an organization with strict organization and discipline (democratic centralism) with "professional revolutionaries" as the pioneer core.
On July 30, 1903, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party held a Congress in Brussels, at which the Bolsheviks with Lenin as the core ("Bolsheviks" means the majority) were formed. The emergence of Bolsheviks and their ideological system marked the formation of Leninism.
In 1904, Lenin wrote the book "further, two steps back", which exposed the opportunism of the mengshiviks on the issue of Party organization, comprehensively discussed the idea of establishing a new type of proletarian political party, emphasized that organizational unity was of decisive significance to the proletariat, and pointed out that the party was an advanced, conscious and organized force of the working class and an army armed with Marxism.
In early 1905, the bourgeois democratic revolution broke out in Russia. In April, Lenin presided over the Third Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in London and formulated the party's strategic line in the democratic revolution. In July, Lenin wrote the book "two strategies of the Social Democratic Party in the Democratic Revolution", criticizing the opportunistic strategies of the Mensheviks, comprehensively expounded the revolutionary strategies of the Bolsheviks, and profoundly discussed the leadership of the proletariat in the democratic revolution, the workers' and peasants' alliance, the workers' and peasants' democratic dictatorship, and the transformation of the democratic revolution into a socialist revolution, It enriches and develops the Marxist theory of proletarian revolution and proletarian dictatorship. In November, Lenin returned to St. Petersburg from abroad to directly lead the work of the Bolsheviks.
From May to June 1907, the Fifth Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was held in London. Lenin was elected to the presidium of the Congress and made a report on his attitude towards bourgeois political parties. In June, the first bourgeois democratic revolution in Russia ended in failure. Lenin went abroad again at the end of the year and was exiled in Paris and other places in Western Europe. He insisted on political writing under relatively poor conditions.
In 1908, Lenin wrote materialism and empirical criticism. In this work, Lenin refuted the attack of Russian Mach ism on Marxism, exposed the idealistic essence of Mach ism, and systematically expounded the basic principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, especially the basic principles of dialectical materialism epistemology. This work has played an important role in the Bolshevik Party's adherence to the Marxist scientific world outlook as a guide.
During this period, Lenin also devoted himself to summing up the experience of the Russian Revolution, leading the Bolshevik party to carry out the strategy of combining secret work with legal work, and to fight against the recall faction and the cancellation faction of the Mensheviks. In 1912, Lenin presided over the Sixth National Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in Prague, which purged the Mensheviks from the party. Under the leadership of Lenin, the Bolshevik party was consolidated and developed ideologically and organizationally and became the core force leading the Russian Revolution.