Ra (sometimes spelled Rah, more accurately R é) is also translated into Rui and Lai. It is the sun god in ancient Egyptian mythology, regarded as the sun at noon, and also the head of Heliopolis - the nine pillar god.
Since the First Dynasty of Egypt, La has always been the most important god in ancient Egyptian mythology, and after Thebes became the capital of all Egypt, it merged with Amun, the highest god of Thebes, to become Amula. For more than a thousand years, Ra has been the sun god of Egypt.
Ra was replaced by Aten in the reform of Akhenaten during the reign of Amenhotep IV, the Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. However, this reform was too fierce, which violated the core interests of the aristocratic class, and stopped with the death of Amenhotep IV, and Rasiej restored the status of the sun god.

The main worship center of Ra is Heliopolis (called Lunu in Egypt, the place of pillars), where he is regarded as the local sun god Atum. Through him or in combination with him, he became Atum Ra, the head and ancestor of the Nine Gods, and the other eight Shu and Tefnut, Geb and Nut, Osiris, Set, Isis, and Nephthys.
In the later Egyptian Dynasty, La was merged with Horus and was called Ra Horakhty (meaning La is Horus on the two horizons). It is believed that he rules the sky, the earth and the underworld, and is related to hawks or falcons. The worship of Ra God began in the early dynasties. The name of Ra Nebu in the Second Dynasty included the part of Ra. This name means that "Ra is the king". The worship of Ra God continued to develop in the Third and Fourth Dynasties. Before Jedkala, almost every pharaoh built a sun temple for Ra God. Ra Jeduf, the son of pharaoh Khuf of the Fourth Dynasty, was the first Egyptian king to call himself "the son of Ra", This shows that the belief in Ra God has risen to the position of the official national god. Later pharaohs also emphasized the legitimacy of their rule by adding Ra to their names. This belief in Ra God reached its peak during the Fifth Dynasty. Six of the nine kings of the Fifth Dynasty had their names with Ra.
During the New Kingdom, the status of Amun God was obviously improved, and La and Amun God were merged into Amun Ra.
In the Amarna Period, Akhenaten suppressed the worship of Ra and vigorously promoted another sun god, Aten, the deified sun wheel. However, after Akhenaten's death, the worship of Ra was restored.
Mnevis bull is an incarnation of Ra God. It has its worship center in Heliopolis and a cemetery for sacrificial bulls in the north of the city.
It is said that all lives were created by Ra Shen, who called out each of them by saying their real names. In addition, human beings come from the tears and sweat of Ra Shen. Therefore, the Egyptians claimed to be the ox of God.
In the myth of the Tianniu, there was a man who wanted to plot against the goddess Ra, and he sent the goddess Sehmet as his eye to punish the man. When she became too bloodthirsty and uncontrollable, he used the beer mixed with pomegranate juice to intoxicate her and save mankind from disaster.

Pull with the sun
The eye of Ra Shen, also known as the eye of Horus
For the Egyptians, the sun represents light, warmth and growth, which makes the sun god very important. The sun is believed to be the ruler of everything Ra created. The sun plate is regarded as the body or eye of pulling god. Ra is the father of Shu and Tefnut. Shu is the god of wind, Tefnut is the goddess of rain, and Sekhmet is the eye of Ra, which is generated from the fire in the eyes of Ra. She is a fierce lioness

La in the hell
According to legend, Ra Shen sailed in the two solar boats of Mandjet and Mesektet during the day and night respectively. These boats carried him through the sky and Duat, the capital of ancient Egyptian literature. The god Ra sitting on the ship of Mesektet presents the image of ram god. When he travels, he is always accompanied by various other gods, including West Asia (English: Sia (god)) (insight), Hu (English: Hu (mythology)) (issuing orders) and Heca (English: Heka (god)) (magic). Sometimes some of the nine gods also helped him on his journey, for example, Seth helped him subdue the serpent Apope; Meihan (English: Mehen) helps him fight against the monsters in the underworld.
Apophis, the god of chaos, is a huge snake. He always wants to block the travel of the solar boat every night by disturbing or staring hypnotically. In the evening, Egyptians believed that the god Ra appeared in the image of Atum or the ram god. The ship Mesektet took him across the underworld and returned to the east for rebirth. These myths of Ra God symbolize the rising of the sun as the rebirth of the sky goddess Nut; Therefore, Ra Shen has the concept of rebirth and renewal, which also highlights his role as the creator.

Ra, the God of Creation
Sacrifice to Lord Ra
The ancient Egyptians had complex polytheistic beliefs, and some ancient Egyptians worshipped God La as the creator, especially in Heliopolis. They believed that human beings came from the tears of Ra Shen crying. These believers believe that Ra God created himself, while the believers of Ptah (also called Ptah) believe that Ra God was created by Ptah. It is believed that this is also the reason why worshipers of the ancient kingdom pyramids in Heliopolis rarely mention the god Ra. According to a paragraph in the Book of the Dead, Ra Shen pierced his body, and his blood became the language god Hu and the wisdom god West Asia. Ra Shen is also believed to have created seasons, months, plants and animals.

Ra Shen has a variety of representative images. The most common image is an eagle head with a day plate and a snake coiled on the day plate. Other common images are: a man with a beetle's head (as the image of Hepper), or a man with a sheep's head. Ra Shen is also depicted as a burly ram or beetle, phoenix, heron, snake, cow, cat, lion, etc.
His most common feature in Hades is the sheep head and human body. Under this image, Ra Shen is described as the ram of the West or the ram in charge of the harem.
In some documents, Ra Shen is described as an elderly king with golden flesh, silver bones and lapis lazuli hair.

The main worship center of Ra is Heliopolis (called Lunu in Egypt, the place of Iunu pillar), where he is regarded as the local sun god Atum. Through him or as Atum Ra, he was regarded as the head and originator of the nine gods composed of Shuhe Tefnut, Geber and Nute, Osiris, Seth, Isis and Nefertis. Strangely, it is said that this group of nine gods is headed by Atum, not by Ra. Lashen Acceptance Festival is a festival held on May 26 of the Gregorian calendar.
Pull on the sun boat
The local worship of Ra God was roughly formed in the Second Dynasty of Egypt, and its status as the sun god has been established. In the Fourth Dynasty, Pharaoh was regarded as the specific representative of Ra Shen on the earth, and was called the son of Ra Shen. In the Fifth Dynasty, the worship of Ra increased dramatically, and he became the god of all Egypt. In order to pay tribute to him, Pharaoh built a sun temple with pyramids and obelisks for him. The rulers of the Fifth Dynasty told the believers that they were the sons of Ra and his wife, the high priest of Heliopolis. The pharaohs spent a lot of money on the Sun Temple. Since the appearance of the first pyramid inscriptions (English: Pyramid Texts), Ra Shen has become more and more important in Pharaoh's journey to the underworld.
During the Middle Kingdom, Ra became more and more attached and was associated with other major gods, especially Amun and Osiris.
In the New Kingdom, the worship of Ra God has become more complex and grand. The walls of the mausoleum were dedicated to detailing his journey to the underworld. It is said that the sun boat of Ra Shen carries prayers and blessings from the living to the dead. During the rise of the New Kingdom, the old concept of pulling God and the sun became more and more popular.
Numerous worship activities for Ra include praise, prayer and chanting incantations to help Ra and the sun boat defeat Apop.
The rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire ended the worship of Ra God by Egyptian citizens, so the influence of Ra God disappeared rapidly. Even among Egyptian priests, the study of Ra became a pure academic interest.

God merged with Ra
As the most widely worshiped God of Egypt, Ra is often combined with other gods to form a mixed relationship.
Amun and Amun Ra
Ra and Amun, from the tomb of Ramesses IV
Amun, one of the eight gods, together with Amaunate, a very early guardian god of Thebes, represents the source of creation. It is said that he created by breathing, so he was recognized as the wind god rather than the sun god. As the worship of Amun and Ra became more and more popular in Upper and Lower Egypt, they were combined to produce Amun Ra, a creator of the sun god. It is very difficult to accurately define when this combination occurred, but the earliest time when the name of Amurra appeared in the pyramid inscriptions was in the Fifth Dynasty. The most common view is that the ruler of Thebes in the New Kingdom invented Amunrah as the god of the new country in order to unite the followers of Amur God who were worshipped by the old Ra God in the Eighteenth Dynasty. The god Amurra was officially named as the king of the gods by worshippers. After being merged, the god was like a man with red eyes and a lion head surrounded by a sun plate.
Atum and Atum Ra
Atum La (or La Atum) is another god composed of two completely different gods, but La and Atum share more similarities than Amun. Atum has a closer relationship with the sun, and is also a creation god among the nine gods. Both Ra and Atum are regarded as the fathers of gods and pharaohs, and they are widely worshipped. In more ancient mythology, Atum created Tefnut and Shu, and he himself was born by Nun, the god of primitive water and sea.
Ra Horakhty
In the later Egyptian mythology, La Harahuti was a more title or image than the composite god. It means to pull Horus on the horizon. The purpose is to connect Harahuti (Horus facing the sunrise) to Ra. It is believed that La Harahuti only refers to the journey from the horizon (east) to the horizon (west) as the sun, or refers to La God as a symbol of hope and rebirth. (See the previous chapter: Pull God and the Sun.).
Khepri and Khnum
Hepple is a scarab that represents the rising of the sun in the morning, and is sometimes referred to as the god of the morning. In the same way, the ram god Henum is regarded as the night god Ra. The concept that Ra Shen takes charge of different times in a day with different appearances (or different faces of Ra Shen) is quite common, but changeable. Hepur and Henum successively control the sunrise and sunset, while Ra Shen is the symbol of the noon when the sun reaches its highest point during the day. Sometimes, the different appearances of Horus are often used to replace the different appearances of Ra.
Raet Tawy
Raet or Raet Tawy is the female side of Ra; She is not much independent of his importance. In some myths, she is regarded as either the wife of Ra Shen or his daughter.

Bastet
Bastet (also called Best) is sometimes called the cat of pulling god. Bastet is the daughter of Ra, and it is related to Ra's revenge method - the eye of the sun god.
Bastet is most famous for killing the serpent Apophis (the sworn enemy of Ra and the god of chaos) to protect Ra.
In one myth, La sent Baste to Nubia as a lioness.
Sekhmet
Sehmet is another daughter of Ra God. She is depicted as a lioness or a big cat and is the eye of Ra God.
There is a myth that because Sehmet was full of anger, Ra Shen had to turn her into a cow by force to prevent her from causing unnecessary harm.
Another myth tells that God La feared that human beings were plotting against him, so he sent Hator (another daughter of God La) to destroy human beings. But Sekhmet finished this task in the morning and mistakenly drank a lot of blood like drinks in the middle of the frenzy. It turned out that Lashen was afraid that she was too intoxicated with killing and had to intoxicate her with beer soaked with red paint.
Hathor
Hator is another daughter of Ra. When Ra Shen feared that human beings were plotting against him, he prepared to send Hathor as the "eye of Ra Shen" to destroy human beings, but later Ra Gai sent Sehmet to complete this task.
In a myth, Hathor danced naked in front of Ra Shen, which made him laugh and relieved his boredom. Once Hathor left Ra Shen, he would fall into depression and sadness.
Maat
Mat is another daughter of Ra, the goddess of truth and justice in ancient Egyptian mythology. Mat played an important role in the trial of Duat in the underworld. The ancient Egyptians believed that people would be judged by the gods after death. On one side of the scale was the heart of the dead, and on the other side was a statue of Mat or her symbol ostrich feathers as weights. If the heart is lighter or heavier than a feather, the deceased is innocent; On the contrary, it means guilty. Amit, the crocodile and lion monster, will devour the dead.

Pull the opponent
Ptah
Puta (also translated as Pta in Taiwan) is rarely mentioned in the pyramid literature of the Old Kingdom. It is said that this is because most of the main authors of these documents are worshippers of the god La of Heliopolis, who oppose the idea that Puta created La.
Isis
Isis often conspired against Ra Shen. She hoped that her son Horus would take power.
In a myth, Isis fabricated a poisonous snake by mixing soil with the saliva of Ra, attacked him when he was patrolling, and asked him to tell her her real name before she gave him the antidote. Ra Shen feared that once she revealed her secret to Isis, she would use all her strength to fight against him and let Horus take the throne. In the end, Ra Shen gave in and Isis got what he wanted.
Apep
Apep, also known as Apophis, the god of chaos, is the greatest enemy of Ra. He once said that he lay dormant just below the horizon and wanted to swallow the Ra Shen who had fallen into Hades. When he devours Ra, it will lead to the setting of the sun. After completely swallowing Ra, night will come. However, he never succeeded in swallowing Ra Shen. In any case, he always vomited Ra Shen - and therefore, the sun would rise every day as usual.