Isis is a goddess of life, magic, marriage, and fertility in ancient Egyptian mythology, and one of the nine pillars of Heliopolis. She is regarded as a model of perfect women, not only being the most important goddess in ancient Egypt, but also influencing other regions of the Western world, including ancient Greece and Rome. The image of the Virgin and Child in Catholicism is similar to the image of Isis embracing the young Horus in ancient Egyptian art.
She is regarded as a great mother and loyal wife, the guardian of nature and magic. She is a friend of slaves, sinners, artisans, and oppressed, and also listens to the prayers of the rich, young girls, nobles, and rulers. Isis is often described as the mother and protector of Horus (although some legends suggest that Horus's mother was Hator), and is also known as the protector of the undead and young children.

The meaning of Isis's name is "throne", and his headdress is the throne. As the embodiment of the throne, she is an important embodiment of the pharaoh's royal power. The pharaoh was said to be her child, sitting on the throne she provided. Her worship of her swept across Egypt, but her main temple was in Behbeit El Hagar in the Nile Delta, located on the island of Philae in Upper Egypt, starting during the reign of Necotanib I (380-362 BC).
In classic myths about her, she is the eldest daughter of the earth goddess Gabe and the sky goddess Nut, born on the fourth leap day. Married his brother Osiris and became pregnant with Horus. Isis played a crucial role in the resurrection of Osiris. After Osiris was killed and dismembered by Seth, she collected scattered corpses on the ground and used magic to revive him. Among all the achievements of Isis, the most famous is her scheme of deceiving Seth, admitting her sins in front of the Nine Elements, and discovering the true name of the Ra God.
During the Greco Roman period, this myth became even more important. For example, people believe that the annual flooding of the Nile River is the sad tears shed by Isis crying for Osiris. People hold ceremonies every year to recreate the death and rebirth of Osiris. The worship of Isis eventually spread throughout Greece and Rome, continuing into the Christian era when pagan culture was suppressed.

Isis is the Greek version of the name, and due to the requirements of Greek language law, a suffix "S" was added after the original Egyptian format ("- S" is often a marker for the nominative case of words in ancient Greek).
The recorded Isis Egyptian names are js. t, is. t, or ȝ s. T means "her throne". However, the true pronunciation of Egyptian is still unclear, as hieroglyphs do not reflect vowels.
For convenience, Egyptian archaeologists randomly selected the pronunciation of her name as "ee set" or "ah set". Sometimes it can also be pronounced as "ee say" because the last letter "t" in her name is a female suffix, and the final intonation in Egyptian phonetics has decreased, making the letter no longer pronounced.

origin
Most Egyptian gods originated from local gods worshipped in various places, and even after their spread, their worship centers were still preserved locally. Therefore, most of Egypt's major cities and towns were the homes of a specific god. Although the origin of Isis worship is unknown, it is believed that she was originally an independent and popular deity in the prehistoric period of Sebennytos in the Nile Delta before 3100 BC.
The first written literature related to Isis can be traced back to the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. According to her name associated with the throne, some early Egyptian archaeologists believed that Isis's primitive function was the mother of the throne. However, recent academic research suggests that this role was only later associated. In many African tribes, the throne is referred to as the "mother of the king," a concept that is well suited to all theories and can also be used to understand the thoughts of ancient Egyptians.
Classical period
In the ancient kingdom, Isis represented the wife or assistant of a deceased pharaoh, and thus was associated with funerals. Her name has appeared more than 80 times in the Pyramid Texts of pharaohs. This association with the pharaoh's wife is in line with Isis' role as the spouse of Horus, who was the patron saint of the pharaoh and later evolved into a deified pharaoh.
But in addition, Isis also represents the mother of the four sons of Horus (the four gods of the Canopus jar containing pharaoh's organs). More specifically, Isis is regarded as the protective deity of the liver cupping god Amsheit. During the Middle Kingdom period, as funeral texts began to prevail in various social classes of Egypt outside the royal family, the objects protected by Isis as a protector god also expanded accordingly, including not only nobles but also civilians.
In many places during the New Kingdom period, the image of Isis was more prominent than that of his spouse. She is regarded as the mother of the pharaoh and is often described as breastfeeding him. It is speculated that this evolution was achieved through the fusion of worshipped gods from various regions, in order to make Egyptian religion more standardized. When the worship of La was prevalent, in the center of his worship, Heliopolis, La and Horus were recognized as the same deity. In some regions, Hator and Ra are dual gods and the mother of Ra. Due to Isis and Horus being dual gods, and Horus being regarded as the god of Ra, Isis gradually merged with Hator to form Isis Hator. Through this fusion, Isis became the mother and wife of Horus. In the end, the role of the mother replaced that of the spouse. Therefore, the role of Isis as a "spouse" is changing. In the Pantheon of Heliopolis, Isis became the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus/La. This compromise also led to the evolution of the myths of Isis and Osiris.

Temple Priests
In Egypt, Isis is revered like other Egyptian gods, including offering sacrifices every day. There are four priests, two males and two females, responsible for her worship. In the Greek Roman era, many of her priests and priestesses were considered to have special talents, such as understanding medicine, interpreting dreams, and being able to predict weather. They don't braid or comb their hair because the Egyptians believed that hair knots had magical powers.
The worship of Isis and Osiris on the island of Philae in Upper Egypt continued until the 6th century AD. Around 380 AD, Roman Emperor Theodosius I ordered the destruction of all pagan temples, but it was not enforced because Emperor Diocletian had previously made treaties with the Nobadae and Blemmye tribes. They visit Elephant Island every year and regularly bring a statue of Isis. Before returning, head upstream to the island of Brenmi to pray for the oracle. Until the time of Justinian, he sent Narizi to destroy the sanctuaries on the island of Brenmi and brought the priests and icons to Constantinople. Philae was the last temple in ancient Egypt to be closed.

contact
A symbol of Isis: "tiet" (tyet), representing the meaning of "prosperity/life", also known as Isis knot, Isis buckle, or Isis blood (see image on the right), has some connection with magic. Except for having two downward arms, "Teet" is similar to Anka in many ways, seemingly representing the idea of immortality or resurrection. The meaning of "Blood of Isis" is relatively obscure, but due to the fact that Tiet is often used as a burial amulet with redwood, redstone, and red glass, this may only be a description of the appearance of the materials used.
Sirius Sogdet is related to Isis. The appearance of this star marks the arrival of the new year, and Isis is also regarded as the goddess of rebirth and reincarnation, as well as the protector of the undead. The Book of the Dead outlines a special ritual to protect the deceased while walking through the underworld, and most of the titles given to Tiis in the book indicate that she is the guardian deity of the deceased.
describe
In artistic imagery, Isis was initially depicted as a woman wearing a long sheath and a throne shaped crown (resembling the symbol of the "throne" in hieroglyphs). Sometimes depicted as a woman holding a lotus flower or a sycamore tree. In the tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose III, there is a mural depicting him sucking milk from a camphor tree with breasts.
Afterwards, she merged with many of Hator's characters, and Isis's headdress was replaced with Hator's: a pair of cow horns with a sun dial in the middle, often bearing the original throne emblem on the sun dial. Sometimes she also appears as a cow, or a cow headed female body. In the portrait, she often appears with the young son Horus (pharaoh) wearing a crown and a vulture. Occasionally, it is also depicted as a kite carrying the corpse of Osiris while flying or casting magic next to the deceased Osiris to bring him back to life.
The most common image of Isis is holding Anka, a symbol of "life", and a lotus staff, but in later portraits, some of the objects accompanying her often appear to be related to Hator, such as the Saint Sistrum and the Menat necklace, which is associated with fertility. In the Book of the Dead, Isis is depicted with arms outstretched, standing at the bow of the sun three masted ship.