Hades (Greek: Ἅ ιδης、 Hades (also translated as Hades, Hades, Hades, etc.) is the ghost in Greek mythology, the brother of Zeus and Poseidon, and the consort God of Persephone, the daughter of Zeus and Demeter.
Hades is often called "Zeus of the underworld", and is a ghost God who is confused with Zeus or regarded as the incarnation of Zeus in the underworld.
Hades belonged to the God of cthonius in ancient Greece, that is, the God of the earth and the earth. His temples are very few, only one in Elis [1], usually not belonging to the most popular Twelve Gods. There is no Hades in the Twelve Gods stamps issued by Greece. However, occasionally some versions of the Twelve Gods include Heracles, the goddess of beauty, Hades and other gods. Plato linked the relationship between the Twelve Gods and the twelve months. He believed that Hades should be linked with the last month to represent the soul of the dead.
Hades is depicted as a God with a long beard, a bird headed staff, and a three headed dog, which is confused with the God of death, Serapis [2].
Most of the affairs of the underworld are controlled by other gods, Persephone is in charge of ghost sacrifice, the God of death and the God of sleep carry corpses, and Zeus sends three judges to judge or report to Zeus [5]. Hades manages less affairs. He is usually regarded by the ancient Greeks as a personification of the underworld and a god of the underworld [3]. He has an alias of edonius, which means "Lord of all guests", and is the God in charge of ghosts [4]. He was also sometimes an elusive God attached to Persephone [4].

Hades is the son of Cronus and Rhea. Because Cronus was afraid that his children would overthrow him, every child was eaten by Cronus as soon as he was born. Only the youngest Zeus was replaced by a stone by Rhea and escaped,
Later, with the help of Zeus, Cronus vomited out his children. They were Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades and Poseidon.
During the crusade against Cronus, the Cyclops helped Zeus forge thunder and lightning, forged a trident for Poseidon, and forged a cap of invisibility for Hades, helping them overthrow the rule of Cronus. In the book of divinities, the later gods elected Zeus as the God King. In the Iliad, the three brothers draw lots to allocate the governing area, and Hades draws lots to manage the underworld, becoming the God who rules the underworld.
Later, during the guigantes war, Hades lent the invisible helmet to Hermes (Ἑ ρμ ῆ ς） Helped kill the giant Hippolytus (Ἱ ππ) όλυτος）。

Hades is the "king of the underworld", neither the "God of death" nor the "judge" of the underworld; He obeyed the will of Zeus, reported the case to Zeus when the case could not be tried [5], and went to Olympus to seek medical help when he was injured. Hades once went to the ground to rob Persephone, the goddess of grain（ Περσεφόνη）， I took her for my wife.
Black rams and ewes were sacrificed to Hades, and poplars and peppermint were his sacred plants.
Hades
In Homer's epic, the great hero Heracles broke through the gate of Hades in the underworld, subdued three headed dogs without any weapons, and brought them to the earth as trophies. In the Pyrrhus war, Athena defeated Hades as an ally of Heracles. According to the Iliad, Heracles shot a swift arrow through Hades' shoulder, causing Hades to suffer so much that he went to Olympus for treatment [6]. In Rome, Hades was mixed with Orcus, the God of death in ancient Italy, and DESs, the God of the underworld. In his works of art, his image is a long bearded God sitting on a golden throne, holding a two pronged fork or a bird headed staff, with Cerberus, a three headed hell dog, lying at his feet, and sometimes Persephone, the afterlife, sitting beside him.
Hades is also the name of Hades in Greek mythology, and sometimes refers to Tartarus (Orcus in Roman mythology). According to the most ancient myth, it is located in the west, on the other side of the sea of Yinghai, where ghosts live. Hecarte and Persephone also live here. Tartarus was used to imprison the overthrown Titans, guarded by giants with hundreds of arms. According to the most popular myth, Hermes sent the ghosts to the Styx Bank of the Styx river through the entrances of Laconia and other places. Charon crossed the Styx River in a boat. The three headed dog Cerberus guarded the entrance and did not stop the ghosts entering, but did not allow anyone to come out.
It is said that only a few heroes, such as Orpheus, Heracles, Odysseus and Aeneas, entered the underworld and returned to the world alive. The three judges Minos, iacos and ladamandis were the three sons of Zeus, and the souls of the dead had to be judged by them. The daughters of darnaos, king of Argos, were sentenced to constantly pour water into the bottomless urn in Hades for killing their husbands, and Sisyphus and Tantalus were also sentenced to suffer there for their crimes. There is a forgetting River, which can make ghosts forget the Yangshi and the life in the Yangshi.
Philae City（ Φεραί） King ademetos (Ἄ δμητος） He should have died, but his wife alkastis (Ἄ λκηστις） I volunteered to be my husband's death, so my soul was brought to the underworld by the God of death. Fortunately, Heracles (Ἡ ρακλ ῆ ς） He volunteered to challenge Hades in the underworld. Hades lost and returned the soul of alkastis.

About the afterlife
(see Greek materials such as the sacred book, the library, ancient Greek tragedies, Homer's ode, etc.)
Hades abducts Persephone (oil painting)
Persephone lived with her mother Demeter since she was a child, and never considered marriage. Once, Persephone was picking flowers in enna with nymphs in the jungle (in Homer's epic, she was accompanied by Athena and Artemis). Gaia, the goddess of the earth, was acquiesced by Zeus, so that the earth opened a narcissus. Persephone unknowingly stayed away from her friends in the process of picking flowers. When she was about to pick the seemingly harmless Narcissus, the earth cracked, Four black horses appeared in the golden cart of Hades. He forced Persephone into the golden cart and forcibly occupied the young girl Corey. Hades had no formal wife, and with the permission and help of Zeus, the God of thunder, he occupied the young girl Corey.
The robbed Persephone cried out sadly for her mother. Demeter heard Persephone's cry for help, and her heart was like a knife. She quickly put down her farm work and ran to the cry, but Persephone had already disappeared. Demeter was very anxious and looked everywhere for her daughter. Therefore, everything on the earth stopped growing (Demeter was the goddess of fertility and agriculture). Helios, the sun god, saw everything and told Demeter the whereabouts of Persephone (it is said that the spring fairy Arethusa revealed the truth to Demeter).
When Demeter knew the truth, he immediately found Zeus and asked him to order Hades to bring Persephone back to her immediately, otherwise she would continue to let the earth have no harvest. Finally, Zeus was afraid that everything on the earth would be deserted, so he sent Hermes to persuade Hades to return Persephone to Demeter. But before Hermes arrived, Hades fed Persephone pomegranate seeds, which gave Persephone four months a year to return to the underworld.
Hades abducts Persephone (sculpture)
In another version, ascarafoss tells the other gods Persephone to eat pomegranate seeds from the underworld. Every year when Demeter was reunited with her daughter, everything on the earth grew, but in the other six months, when Persephone returned to the underworld, everything on the earth dried up. In addition, there is another version that says that hecarte rescued Persephone and became Persephone's protector in the underworld.
Some people think that this story may stem from the marriage of Zeus and Persephone. In the early statues, we can find Zeus on three sides. Zeus once ruled the sky, the earth and the underworld. Later, Zeus of the underworld differentiated into Hades, so Hades was also called "the underground Zeus". Later, it was combined with other explanations. In ancient Greece, a man would take the adult girl from a group of girls as his bride to hold a wedding ceremony. The explanation of seasons was added later.
As the queen of the underworld, Persephone showed compassion only once. Deeply moved by Orpheus' song, she agreed with Orpheus to bring his wife Eurydice back to the world. However, Persephone made a harsh request: Eurydice must walk behind Orpheus, and Orpheus was not allowed to turn around and look at Eurydice before the two reached the ground. Orpheus agreed, but when they were about to return to the world, he couldn't help looking back to see if his wife was following him. As a result, he lost his wife forever.

There are three judges in the huge palace of Hades. They are the sons of Zeus, Minos, ladamandis and iagos. They are respectively responsible for judging the thought, speech and behavior of the soul. Some other gods sometimes come to the underworld to deal with affairs. The goddess of justice, Dicke, holds a sharp sword and weighs good and evil for each soul. If the good of the soul is more than evil, she enters paradise, otherwise she goes to hell.
After people died, Hermes, the God of guidance, took their souls from Erebus, which had passed through the darkness, to Hades. There is a door between the underworld and the sun, which is the "hell gate". This gate is located near the Cape of tynas. It is guarded by a three headed hellhound named Cerberus. Once anyone enters the hell gate, he can never return to the sun.
There is a long way from the hell gate to the bottom of hell. There are often phantom ghosts on the way. There are also many rivers in hell, one of which is called the kokutes River, which is formed by the tears of the bad guys who are doing hard labor in hell. Therefore, there are often terrible wails on it, because the name of the river itself means "crying in the distance". The other is called the Agron River, which must be passed by those who go to the trial. The water of this river is black and the current is fast. No one can swim across it. A boatman named Charon ferries here. He can only cross the river by taking his boat, but he will charge a dollar for the boat fare, otherwise he refuses to carry it. If those who wait for the trial have no money, they must wait for a year. At that time, Charon will pick them up for free, Therefore, the Greeks usually put a dollar in the mouth of the deceased.
After crossing the river, there is a vast gray plain, which is called the garden of truth. Here, there are two roads leading to the place of happiness and the hell of pain. The spirits of the dead were judged by the three judges of the underworld in front of the judgment stand in front of the truth garden. Sinners will be punished differently in hell according to their crimes, and those who are innocent will leave the underworld and go to the beautiful and peaceful land of bliss to live a happy life without worries about food and clothing and wind and moon.
Hades with double pronged Halberd
The dark and boundless underworld was ruled by Hades, whose name originated from the negative prefix "a" and the verb "see", which extended the meaning of "invisible";
In Roman mythology, his corresponding God is Pluto, which combines the myths of the Greek god Hades, the Roman god DIS, and the Roman god Orcus.
In mythology, Hades is the God most hated by mortals [7]. Tanatos, the God of death, is the son of the night God. He likes to carry a short knife to cut off the hair of the dead and walk in the residential area of the crowd at night. The God of sleep, Xu punos, is depicted as a winged God. When he beats his magic wand or flaps his black wings, people will fall asleep. He once made Zeus sleep under Hera's will. Then he fled to the God of night, and Zeus stopped chasing him when he woke up.
In Homer's records, there are black poplars and fruitless coconut trees in the grove of Persephone (Queen of the underworld). Before reaching the hell Kingdom, you must pass through this terrible forest. At the entrance of death's palace, there was a dog named Cerberus. It had three heads and a bronze voice. The agon river flowing in the underworld is a river of suffering, derived from the word "torture". If you want to cross the Styx River, you must present your silver coins to the ferryman Karon, otherwise he will drive the intruder away without any hesitation. So the ghost can only wander on the other side of the desolate death, where he can never find a refuge. Therefore, the Greeks had to put a silver coin into the mouth of the dead.
The judges of the court of the underworld are iagos, Minos and ladamandis. The latter two were the sons of Zeus and Europa. Minos was a tyrant on the island of Crete before he died. Homer's epic Odyssey describes the scene of him holding a golden scepter and sentencing ghosts. Ladamandis once ruled the Cycladic islands and was driven out of his home by his brother Minos. Iagos was the son of Zeus and aiguina. He was famous for his love of justice before his death, and the gods had recommended him as an arbitrator. When the souls of the dead were put on trial, they were sent to the prison of taltaltalos or introduced to heaven and blissful island.