Cleopatra VII (December 70 BC or January 69 BC - August 12, 30 BC) is commonly known as Cleopatra. She was the last female pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in ancient Egypt. She let a poisonous snake bite herself to end her life and that of Egypt at the same time (however, studies have shown that she is more likely to die of Octavian murder).
She is talented, witty, good at means, insidious, and has a dramatic life. Especially when she was involved in the political whirlpool at the end of the Roman Republic, she had a close relationship with Caesar and Anthony, and with all kinds of anecdotes, she became a famous figure in literary and artistic works.
In literature and art or film, she was considered to have seduced Gaius Julius Caesar and his servant Anthony to keep the country from being annexed by the Roman Empire, so she was also known as Cleopatra.

have outstanding talent and appearance
Statue of Cleopatra VII
Statue of Cleopatra VII
Cleopatra was born in 69 BC and is a descendant of the Macedonian kingdom that ruled Egypt at that time. When Alexander the Great established an empire with unprecedented territory, he gave Egypt to Ptolemy Sotel, a general of his, and Ptolemy Sotel established the Ptolemy Sotel dynasty in Egyptian history. Cleopatra was the second daughter of King Claudius Ptolemy Auret.
Cleopatra was one of the Ptolemaic emperors after Alexander the Great conquered Egypt. Her father Ptolemy XII Olet appointed his eldest son Ptolemy XIII to govern with her (according to the law at that time, Cleopatra had to marry his brother, Ptolemy XIII), ruling Egypt. In 51 BC, Cleopatra bin Laden ascended the throne. Cleopatra was undoubtedly a key figure in ancient Egypt. According to the records of later generations, this Egyptian peerless beauty not only saved a dynasty temporarily, but also made the kings of the powerful Roman Empire fall under their feet and work for it willingly. Dante, Shakespeare and others described this legendary woman as "an unprecedented sexy witch"; Bernard Shaw also called her "a capricious and unselfish woman". Cleopatra VII was the daughter of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V, kings of Egypt. Born in 69 BC, Cleopatra VII grew up in an extravagant palace. His father died in 51 BC and left a will to appoint Cleopatra VII and her half brother Ptolemy XIII (63-47 BC) as the successors to govern together. However, the two were at odds because of factional struggle and power struggle. After being expelled from Alexandria in 48 BC, Cleopatra VII gathered troops along the border between Egypt and Syria to prepare for the invasion of Egypt. Under the arrangement of her father, Cleopatra married her half brother (later Claudius Ptolemy XIII) according to the custom, and the two of them jointly held power. Cleopatra, who was ambitious, wanted to further gain more power. But at that time, two ministers, Bosnius and Octavian, united against her and sent her to Syria, where she raised troops to fight for the throne of Egypt by force.
Enchant Caesar
At this time, Gaius Julius Caesar chased Pompeii to Egypt, and Bernos, a subordinate of Claudius Ptolemy XIII, killed Pompeii, and gave his head to Gaius Julius Caesar to win his favor. He wanted to use Caesar to kill his sister Cleopatra. But this action did not make him win Caesar's favor. Cleopatra also wanted to use Caesar to help her win the throne, so she ordered her subordinates to dress up as a businessman and wrap themselves in a big blanket. When the businessman came to Caesar's residence to see him, she came out of the blanket and met him. At that time, Cleopatra was in her prime. She was amazing in beauty. She used her beauty and wisdom to fascinate Caesar. Caesar ordered the execution of Cleopatra's father's will. Cleopatra and Claudius Ptolemy XIII ruled together.
Cleopatra VII's Crown
Cleopatra VII's Crown
Later, Bohinus launched a rebellion and was defeated in the Battle of Alexandria Port. After the failure of the rebellion, he was killed. When he fled, Claudius Ptolemy XIII also lost his life. Caesar conquered Egypt, but did not include Egypt in the territory of Rome. Since then, Cleopatra lived with Caesar and had a son named Philopato Philomto Caesar, which means "Gaius Julius Caesar Jr.". Meanwhile, Caesar restored Cleopatra to the throne. In 45 BC, Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIV, another younger brother, were invited to Rome to live in Caesar's private residence across the tree. Caesar practiced the oath, built a temple in Rome to worship his ancestors of the Ulius family, Venus, and erected the golden statue of Cleopatra VII beside the goddess. As she was about to become the first lady of the Roman world, Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. Cleopatra VII's dream disappeared in an instant, and he left Rome sadly.
After Cleopatra VII returned to Egypt, he poisoned Ptolemy XIV and made her and Caesar's son Ptolemy XV to rule Egypt together. His son was declared the son of Amun. At this time, in Rome, Octavian, the adopted son of Gaius Julio Caesar, and Mark Anthony, his subordinate, calmed down the turmoil in Rome and divided their spheres of influence. Octavian ruled the west, Anthony ruled the east. Antony summoned Cleopatra to Tarsus when attacking the Sabbath, hoping to obtain the wealth of Egypt to solve the problem of military supplies.
Conquer Anthony
Cleopatra came to Tarsus to meet Anthony in a big golden boat. Her beauty also conquered Anthony. They lived together in Tarsus for 12 years, and Cleopatra gave birth to three children for Anthony. The Queen succeeded in preserving her throne and the kingdom of Egypt.
After Caesar's death, Anthony dominated Rome. After he finally defeated the army of Brutus and Cassius, the republican leaders, in the battle of Philippi, he toured the eastern provinces according to the agreement with Octavian to raise funds. In 41 BC, he arrived at Tarsus in Silesia, sent an envoy to Egypt, and summoned Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra VII knew the political situation and the leading figures in Rome very well and thought that this was another great opportunity, so he made a clever arrangement to take advantage of it. It is said that Cleopatra VII set out from Egypt to Silesia first, and then reached Tarsus via the Denos River by taking a luxurious boat. The cabin of this ship is hung with purple sails dyed with precious Tyro dye, and the poop is wrapped with gold sheet, which reflects the blue waves and emits luster during the voyage. The Queen, dressed as the goddess of Venus, lay in a gauze tent with gold threads as thin as cicada wings. Beautiful boys stood on both sides, each holding incense fans and gently shaking. A maid dressed as a fairy in the sea, holding a silver oar, paddles rhythmically in the sound of drum music. People rushed to tell each other, and the audience was like a tide. Anthony was invited to the ship for dinner. Seeing Cleopatra VII's charming demeanor and elegant conversation, he was overwhelmed. He not only dismissed the question of Cleopatra VII's ambiguous attitude towards the Republican opposition to the "three headed" war, but also immediately answered her requests one by one, and even agreed that she would kill the heir and competitor to the Egyptian throne, and his half sister Arsinoy IV, who took refuge in Ephesus at that time. Within a few days, the warrior became her captive and went to Egypt with her. They spent the winter of 41-40 BC together in Egypt.

political marriage
Cleopatra VII
Cleopatra VII
In the summer of 40 BC, Anthony returned to Italy. At this time, the contradiction between Anthony and Octavian eased. He married Octavian's sister Octavia, and consolidated the political alliance in the traditional Roman way of marriage. By 37 BC, the conflict between Antony and Octavian had deepened. Antony returned to the East to prepare for the expedition to Parthia. He sent Octavia back to Rome on the grounds that the journey was difficult and it was not suitable to settle in a military camp. When Antony arrived in Antioch, he invited Cleopatra VII to meet with him and married Cleopatra VII against the traditional customs of Rome.
The combination of Antony and Cleopatra VII was not entirely driven by lust, but had a political purpose. Antony tried to stabilize the eastern province of Rome, prepared to go on an expedition to Parthia, and fought with David Wu. He urgently needed the financial support of Egypt. Cleopatra VII, in the midst of a profound social crisis in the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, exerted all kinds of tactics, including the way of confusing Anthony, in order to maintain and develop the Ptolemaic Kingdom and strengthen and expand his ruling power under the power of Rome. In order to satisfy Cleopatra VII's ambition, Anthony gave Cleopatra VII the central Syria, some cities along the Phoenician coast, the island of Cyprus, and parts of the Nabat Kingdom. Cleopatra VII supported Antony's expedition to Parthia, but failed to win. In 34 BC, after Antony won the war in Armenia, he was not in Rome but in Alexandria, Egypt. He held the triumphal ceremony according to the Egyptian etiquette, and both of them ascended the throne made of gold. Cleopatra was called the "Queen of Kings", and his son Ptolemy XV was called the "King of Kings". Anthony's actions in the East, especially his relationship with Cleopatra VII, were initially criticized by the Romans, and then aroused their anger. They reprimanded Anthony for giving the Roman conquest to Cleopatra VII and his children, preparing to move the capital to Alexandria and build a new dynasty. In Rome, people hated Cleopatra VII to the bone, believing that she was the queen who posed the greatest threat to Rome except Hannibal. This destroyed Anthony's prestige and lost strong domestic support. This was taken advantage of by Octavian, which was also one of the reasons for Anthony's failure in the struggle against Octavian.
In 32 BC, the contradiction between Anthony and Octavian became acute and completely broke. Antony, at the request of Cleopatra VII, formally mended books and abandoned his wife Octavia. Octavian also vowed to avenge his sister's insult. He disregarded the traditional custom of offending Rome and obtained Anthony's will placed in the temple from the Virgin of Vesta, which was published to the public. Anthony's will recorded his territorial distribution to Cleopatra VII and his children, and also instructed Cleopatra VII to bury his body in Alexandria. As soon as the will was published, the public opinion was in an uproar and the crowd was furious. Accordingly, the Senate and the Citizens' Congress [Tribus Congress] declared war on Cleopatra VII on the grounds of occupying the property of the Roman people, and deprived Anthony of his consulship and all other powers.
Ultimate destination
In 31 BC, Antony and Octavian met at Cape Actium (Battle of Yakhxing). While the battle was raging and Antony's fleet was frustrated, Cleopatra VII's ship suddenly withdrew from the battlefield and sailed back to Egypt for different reasons. Antony immediately chased them away, leaving the fighting forces to be annihilated. In 30 BC, Octavian attacked Egypt and surrounded Alexandria. Anthony saw that the situation had gone, and cut himself.
Cleopatra VII knew that his death was near, and he had long studied various suicide methods. She hid in the tomb fort, but Octavian captured her tactfully. When Octavian went to visit her captives, she tried her best to deceive and confuse Octavian, but it didn't work. Octavian's purpose in capturing Cleopatra VII alive was to bring her back to Rome for public display during the triumphal ceremony. Cleopatra VII was hopelessly disappointed when he heard about it. Loyal maids brought a poisonous snake named Apus to her in a basket of figs. She grabbed the snake and put it on her breast, ending her legendary and romantic life. According to the legend, although she was closely watched, she managed to get a basket of figs sent by a farmer. There was a small poisonous snake named "Aspu" in it. She was bitten by the snake and died of coma. Octavian met her dying request and buried her with Anthony. Caesar Leon, the son of Cleopatra VII and Caesar, and Alexander, the eldest son of Cleopatra VII and Antony, were executed by Octavian. With the death of Cleopatra VII, the 300 year long Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt also ended. Egypt was incorporated into Rome and became the private property of the head of state. [1]
From then on, Egypt became part of the Roman Empire and its divided Eastern Roman Empire until the 7th century.