Aten was the sun god in ancient Egyptian mythology and the sole ruler of the universe. Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep IV introduced the god of Aton into Egyptian religion and carried out a monotheistic religious reform to worship Aton. But this reform was too intense, not in line with the people's sentiments, and ended in failure. [1]
Unlike other Egyptian gods, Aton did not have a human form, but rather the sun, from which many hands extended. Aton is sometimes seen as another form of the sun god Ra.

Aten was originally just a symbol of the sun, deified during the New Kingdom era, and revered as the absolute and only god by the pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Atumph subdues grace. The sun god at the birth of Aton Sunrise, shaped as a red solar disk, emits spectra from the disk that fall into human hands. Representing the ubiquitous presence of Aton, bringing vitality to everything.
The 18th Dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep IV (father of Tutankhamun) saw the threat posed by the increasing wealth of the priests in the temple of Amen and decided to pursue religious reform, pursue monotheism, and revere Amen as the supreme god, the sun god.

Amenhotep IV ascended to the throne of Pharaoh in Egypt. In order to weaken the power of the Amun priests, he relied on small and medium-sized slave owners and nobles who were dissatisfied with the Amun priests, and adopted the form of religious reform to fight against them. This is also the earliest religious reform in the world. At first, he wanted to use the sun god Ra to fight against the god Amun. He built a temple of Ra in Thebes and declared himself the highest priest of Ra. His approach was strongly opposed by the Amun priests. So, Amenhotep IV simply established a monotheistic religion that worshipped "Aten". He first issued laws prohibiting the belief in Amun and other local gods, and only allowing the belief in the only sun god in the universe, Aton. Next, he closed down the temple of Amun, confiscated its property, and cleared all public places and temple walls of the word Amun. His original name Amunhotep meant "Amun's Satisfaction", and he replaced his own name with "Amun" and gave a new name - "Echenaten", meaning "the radiance of Amun".
In order to completely break with the Amun priestly group, he moved the capital of the country from Thebes to near Hermopolis, 300 kilometers north of it, which is now El Amarna. There, he built a new capital called Echtaten, which means "the world of Aten". Akhenaten built palaces, official residences, and Aten temples there, and also ordered the establishment of Aten temples in other parts of the country.

In addition, he also ordered someone to write the "Ode to Aten", vigorously praising the great sun god Aten. The poem reads:
At dawn, you rise from the horizon, you, Aten! Shining during the day, you drive away the darkness, emitting light. Every day in Egypt, up and down, there is joy. The people wake up and stand up, and this is you who made them stand up. They washed their bodies, put on their clothes, and raised their arms high
Welcome. People are working around the world. The beasts are full, the trees, flowers and plants are in full bloom, and the birds fly out of their nests, spreading their wings and praising you
It is said that this long hymn later deeply influenced the Psalm praising the Lord God in the Old Testament.

Despite Ehnaten's efforts to promote faith in the Aten God throughout Egypt, there are still many people who have not changed their traditional beliefs and still believe in the old gods. Moreover, the power of the hit Amun priests is still very strong. They used old religious beliefs to incite some people to oppose religious reform in an attempt to restore their original status. The soldiers and small and medium-sized slave owners who initially supported the reform of Echenaten gradually became dissatisfied as Echenaten reduced its external expansion wars and lost its source of wealth. At that time, there were even people who wanted to prevent this reform by assassinating Echenaten.
After the death of Echenaten, his son-in-law, possibly his son, Tutankarten, inherited the throne. Under the pressure of the Amun priests and nobles, he was forced to compromise with the Amun priests, terminate the religious reform, restore worship of the Amun god, return the confiscated property of the Amun temple, and give a large amount of new property to the temple. At the same time, he moved the capital back to Thebes, and himself changed his name to Tutankhamun, meaning "the embodiment of Amun". Later, there was turmoil, and a prime minister, Aye, who had close ties to the priestly group, became a pharaoh. He completely restored the worship of the old gods and eliminated all the words "Aton", just as Ehenaten had treated "Amun" back then. At this point, the religious reform of Akhenaten completely failed.

Dawn breaks, the horizon on the horizon is incredibly beautiful
Oh! The vibrant Arden, the beginning of life
When you rise from the eastern horizon
Every inch of land is filled with beauty
You are beautiful, great, shining, hanging high in the sky
Your light envelops the earth and benefits everything you create
They are Rui gods, and they have all been conquered by you
You bound them with love
Although you are far away, your light shines all over the earth
Although you are high above, the place you pass is always during the day