Anubis νουβις）， It is the god of death in ancient Egyptian mythology, a beast headed god related to mummy making and life after death. It appears in the tomb murals of the pharaoh in the form of a jackal head and a human body. It is said that he is the son of the desert god Seth and his wife Nefertis, and it is also said that he is the illegitimate son of the Egyptian nine pillar god Osiris.
For the ancient Egyptians, the afterlife was extremely important, so Anubis was worshipped long ago. Anubis has a jackal head. The jackal is a common wild dog that searches for scavenger in the cemetery. Archaeologists confirm that the sacred animal of Anubis is an Egyptian canine, the African wolf. People prayed to Anubis to protect the dead. He also helped Isis mummify Osiris and handed over the post of Hades to Osiris.
Like many ancient Egyptian gods, Anubis had different identities in different periods. As early as the First Dynasty of Egypt (about 3100 BC - about 2890 BC), Anubis was depicted as the protector of tombs. He was also an embalmer. In the Middle Kingdom (about 2055-1650 BC), he was replaced by Osiris as the leader of the underworld. Today's cognition is as a god guiding the soul into the afterlife.
Anubis is depicted as black, which symbolizes regeneration, life, the soil of the Nile and the discoloration of the embalmed corpse. Anubis is related to his brother Uput, and is also another god depicted as a dog head, but appears gray or white. Anubis' wife is Apter, and his daughter is Kebeijie.

Most of his titles are related to his identity as the god of burial. For example, the title "He who is on his mountain" emphasizes his identity as the dead and the guardian god of the tomb, while the title "He who is in the place of embalming" shows his relevance to mummification. Just like many ancient Egyptian gods only played different roles in different documents. In the trial of "heart weight" after death, Anubis played the role of weighing with scales. His wife is the goddess Anput, and he also has a daughter named Kebechet.

"Anubis" is the Greek expression of the name of the god Egypt. In the Old Kingdom (c. 2686 BC – c. 2181 BC), the canonical form of its name was represented by“ ı͗ The symbol of npw pronunciation is composed of a "jackal" symbol on the "ḥ tp (English: Hotep)" symbol:
The new form appeared in the late Old Kingdom period was to use a "jackal" symbol on the high platform, which was widely used later:
According to the Akkadian translation in Amalnai, the name of Anubis（ ı͗ Npw) is pronounced "Anapa" in Egyptian.

Anubis is related to the making of mummies and is the guardian of the dead on their journey to the afterlife. He is usually described as a man with a jackal head, but others are described as a jackal wearing a ribbon, with his forearm bent and flail hooked. In ancient Egypt, jackals had a strong relationship with cemeteries, because jackals, scavengers, would eat exposed corpses in cemeteries. The unique black color of Anubis is not the color of common jackals, but the color of carrion and black soil in the Nile Valley, symbolizing rebirth. It is only known that in the tomb of Ramses II in Abaddos, there are cases in which Anubis is depicted as a man.
In some funeral texts, Anubis is described as accompanying the mummy of the deceased or sitting on the top of the tomb to protect the tomb. In fact, during the anti-corrosion process, the chief anti-corrosion officer will dress up as Anubis. In addition, in the heart weight judgment scene in the book of the dead, Anubis plays the role of a surveyor and is the "guardian of the Libra". By comparing the weight of the dead heart with that of Matt (the goddess of truth, usually symbolized by an ostrich feather), it is determined whether the dead have the qualification to enter the afterlife world (Hades, also known as Duai). In the New Kingdom, the seal on the tomb depicts Anubis sitting on the nine bows, symbolizing his complete control of the enemies of Egypt.

The ancestry of Anubis varies according to myth, age and origin. In early mythology, Anubis was the son of the sun god Ra. In the coffin text of the first intermediate period (about 2181-2055 BC), Anubis is the son of the cow goddess Hesat or the cat head goddess Bastet. Other relevant records depict him as the son of La and Nefertis. [1]
Later, he was the son of Seth and Nefertis, which was easily accepted, because Nefertis was considered to be Seth's wife, and Seth was also a dog headed god. In Osiris myth, after Seth killed Osiris, Anubis assisted Isis to mummify Osiris. Because of these connections, Anubis became the patron saint of the embalmers. According to the drawings in the Book of the Dead, during the funeral ceremony made by the mummy, the priests often wear the jackal mask to support the upright mummy.
In later versions of the myth, Anubis was the son of Nefertis and Osiris. The reason why Nefertis gave birth to a son with Osiris is that a myth version records that Nefertis intoxicated Osiris and seduced him, and gave birth to Anubis after mating. Another is that she disguised herself as Isis to seduce Osiris, and then gave birth to Anubis.
The statement that Anubis was the son of Osiris was actually first written by the Greek Plutarch Society, while the Greeks and Romans usually extremely despised the Egyptian animal headed gods and thought they were strange and barbaric. Plutarch said that Anubis was the illegitimate son of Osiris and was adopted by Osiris' wife Isis. Perhaps affected by this, the Egyptian papyrus in the Roman period simply called Anubis "the son of Isis".

The ceremony of weighing the heart is an important factor in Egyptian mythology. In this ceremony, Anubis will weigh the heart as lighter or heavier than the ostrich feather symbolizing Mayat (real). If the heart is heavier than a feather, it will be swallowed by the monster Amit, who has the head of a crocodile, the upper body of a lion and the hind legs of a hippo.

Later in the Ptolemaic Kingdom, the image of Anubis and the Greek god Hermes merged into "Hermanubis". The center of this sect is in Kenopolis, whose name means "Dog City". In the sixth volume of the Golden Donkey by Apuleus, it can be seen that the belief of this god in ancient Rome lasted until at least the second century. In addition, Hermanubis also appeared in the alchemy and Hermissism literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Although most Greeks and ancient Romans despised Egypt's gods with animal heads and regarded them as strange and primitive things (Anubis was scornfully called "roarer" by Greeks), Anubis sometimes associated with Sirius, Cerberus and Hades in the sky. In Plato's dialogue, Socrates often said "by the dog" (kai me ton kuna) "," by the dog of Egypt "," by the dog, the god of the Egypt " Wait for sentences to strengthen the tone. Anubis is also famous for its mummification and death - unlike other jackals, Anubis has a black head that matches the identity of the god of death.