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Typhos - The Titan Giant in Ancient Greek Mythology

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Typhos - The Titan Giant in Ancient Greek Mythology

Theseus (Greek: Τυφ ῶ ν, Tuph ō N; English: Typhoeus/Typhon/Typhoon/Typhos). Also translated as Difeng. It is a Titan giant symbolizing storms in Greek mythology. According to the "Divine Genealogy", Difeng was the son of Gaia, the mother of the earth. Legend has it that the place of birth is in a cave in the Chili Kia region. Having the head of a hundred dragons, a pitch black tongue, and a flamethrowering eye, with a body taller than the sky, covered in feathers and a pair of wings.
Typhon and his wife Echadna gave birth to many terrifying monsters, such as the Hundred Dragon Ladon, Hydra the Hydra, Cerberus the Three Headed Dog, Otrus the Two Headed Dog, the Nemia Lion, Chimera the Lionhead, Sphinx the Sphinx, and Skula the Sea Monster.

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According to The Theogy, Typhon was the youngest son of Gaia, the mother of the earth, and Tartarus, the god of the underworld. The "Homeric Hymns" preserves another saying: Zeus split his head and gave birth to Athena. Hera harbored a rift in her heart and ran to pray to the Heavenly Father, Earth Mother, and Tartarus, asking them to give him a son with strength far greater than his husband. Afterwards, she did not sleep with Zeus for the whole year and did not conceive, giving birth to Typhon. Legend has it that the birthplace is in the Kilikion cave.
Typhoon has numerous descendants and is a famous monster in Greek mythology. Among various theories, mating with the female snake Echidna is the most common. The children born to the two demons are:
·Canis OrThrus: a dog with a double head and a python tail, responsible for overseeing the herd of cattle of the giant Croton;
·Cerberus: a demon dog guarding the gates of hell, with three python tails and a snake mane and lion claws;
·Hydra: a nine headed snake that inhabits Lake Lena;
·Chimera: a lion with a lion's head, carrying a head like a sheep on its back, and a python's tail;
·Nemean Lion: massive and unparalleled, unable to be injured with axes and swords;
·Draco Ladon: A hundred headed dragon, guarding the Golden Apple;
·The Caucasian Eagle: A giant eagle. Zeus bound Prometheus and ordered the eagle to peck at his liver every day;
·Sphinx: Human head, lion body, eagle winged python tail. After its riddle was guessed by Oedipus, it committed suicide by throwing itself onto a cliff;
·Hus Crommyon: a wild boar spirit that plagues the Crommyon countryside year-round and was later removed by Theseus;
·Gorgon: The three sisters of the banshee, Medusa is one of them;
·Scylla: A female sea monster with a human face and six heads on her waist, resembling a dog. Below her waist, she resembles the shape of a fish and snake;
·Draco Colchi: A demon dragon that sleeps day and night, guarding the famous Golden Fleece.
In other accounts, Dragons of Troy, Anemoi Thuellai, and Harpies are also children of Typhon.

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Difeng is most famous for its hundred dragon heads. In each mouth, the dark snake's message expands and swallows. A hundred pairs of terrifying eyes occasionally spewed flames. Its roar is also varied: sometimes it is spoken by humans, sometimes it is like the roar of an ox, like the roar of a lion, like the bark of a dog, and its sound is like thunder, resounding throughout the four poles. There are different interpretations of its body in various classics. The "Divine Manual" only mentions the unparalleled strength of the limbs. The Library of Apollodorus describes it as a human form from shoulder to thigh, with a python like appearance below the thigh. Tall above the mountains, with a star on top of his head, one hand in the extreme east and the other reaching to the extreme west. Many wings grow from it. Hair is tangled and covered in dust. Antoninus Libralis' Metamorphoses further states that it not only has a hundred heads and wings, but also a hundred giant hands.
The epic "Dionysiaca" provides a more detailed and vivid description of Typhon's appearance, which is quite different from other books. In this epic poem, the heads of Typhoon are either like lions, leopards, cows, or wild boars, with all kinds of beasts gathered and all forms present, with only the one in the middle being in the form of a human. Around each head, there are millions of venomous snakes coiled back. Once these snake hairs open in anger, combined with a hundred pairs of python like arms, they can cover the entire sky. The area where the lower half of the snake passed, the ground sank into a pit, and poisonous saliva dripped, splashing the mountains into a mess. Roaring, one of the hairs emitted a human voice, while the others howled with the sounds of wolves, lions, cows, snakes, and leopards, creating a mix of sounds that were powerful enough to intimidate the Olympian gods.

▲ Version of the Divine Manual
The Divine Genealogy provides a brief description of this battle: Zeus had just driven the Titan into the underworld, assigned the positions and positions of each god, and the mother of the earth Gaia was pregnant with her last son, Typhon. This demon shocked the world and was detected by the gods as soon as it was born. Zeus descended a thunderbolt from Mount Olympus. Thunder and fire mixed with the hurricane of Difeng, shaking the heavens and earth, shaking the mountains and rivers, and stirring the sea with huge waves. This majestic sound made even Hades, the underworld king, and the Titans imprisoned in the depths of the earth change color upon hearing it. Then Zeus jumped down and fought against the demons. The hundred heads of Difeng were finally hit by divine lightning and caught fire. He fell to the ground, and the strong wind beside him drove the flames, spreading everywhere, and the earth began to melt. In Zeus' anger, he also drove Typhoon into the underworld.
▲ The version of "Dionysica"
Nonnus' "Dionysica" spent nearly 9000 words telling the beginning and end of this battle. The entire story can be roughly divided into three parts: Typhoon stealing Zeus' Thunderfire, Cadmus helping Zeus deceive him back into Thunderfire, and Typhoon and Zeus fighting.
Zeus hid the thunder and fire in a cave and ran to meet the fairy Pluto. Shenlei emitted smoke and sparks in the cave, and the white cliffs immediately became pitch black. With the consent of his mother Gaia, Typhoon stole this powerful weapon and placed it in a crevice in the stone. Immediately, it roared fiercely and clashed between the four poles, spreading its snake hair and raising its giant arm to strike the clouds. The heavens are stirred up in chaos: the stars are misaligned, or they fall into the sea, and the sun and moon appear simultaneously. It hit the carriage of the sun god. The moon god fought against it, but was covered in scars. Even the Four Winds God cannot escape this calamity. It rushed into the sea again. The water hasn't reached the troll's waist yet. It stirred the seawater, stirred up towering waves, and chopped through the waves, pulling Poseidon's carriage out of the water. The sea was filled with fear, and even Leviathan retreated. It returned to land and retrieved the lightning fire. Although Difeng has two hundred huge arms, it is quite difficult to lift the divine thunder, which weighs over ten thousand pounds. It is not yet able to use this weapon to its heart, but simply raising a demonstration is enough to scatter the souls of all gods. They turned into various birds and beasts and fled to Egypt in a hurry.

During the Battle of Typhoon against Zeus (illustrated in ancient books), Zeus was transformed into a white bull and intertwined with Phoenician Princess Europa on Crete. After hearing the news, he rushed back to fight against Difeng, but lost his weapon and was not an opponent. After being hamstrung by the demon, he was defeated in the battle. Kadmus, the brother of Europa, met Zeus while searching for his missing sister. The god of heaven then had a plan in his heart, and ordered Pan, the accompanying animal god, to summon cattle and sheep, set up a thatched shed on his own, dress Cadmus up as a shepherd, and ask him to deceive Thunderfire back from Typhon, and marry Harmonia, the goddess of harmony. Everything stopped and Zeus became a bull, blending into the herd. Cadmus sat under the tree, playing the reed flute. The demon heard the music and hid the divine thunder in the cave, rushing to appreciate it. He also said that in the future, he would occupy Mount Olympus and invite a shepherd boy to play with him, offering various benefits. Cadmus said that his harp was more exquisite, but he needed Zeus' sinews to make the strings. The demon, puzzled by the sound of the flute, willingly surrendered. At this moment, the heavenly god had arrived at the cave and taken away the weapons. When Typhoon returned without seeing the divine thunder, he suddenly realized and became furious. He called out to Zeus and threatened to marry Hera, demote the gods to slavery, liberate the giants of the underworld, and reunite heaven and earth into chaos. The two sides then fought again.
Zeus used clouds as armor, thunder as shield, lightning as spear, and thunderbolts as arrows, and rode the Chronos' Chariot straight down from the Skywalker. Phobos, the god of turmoil, and Deimos, the god of fear, are in charge, while Nike, the goddess of victory, holds a shield in front of them. The four wind gods are all driven by it. Difeng did not show weakness either. He placed a stone mound in front of him and vigorously lifted an ice river, throwing it at Zeus, hoping to extinguish the thunder. But no water can extinguish the sky fire. Then it pulled down large cliffs and threw them repeatedly. Zeus either dodged, or split with lightning, or raised his hand to catch and throw back, and drove up various divine powers such as thunder, electricity, ice, fire, and wind, constantly attacking demons. Finally, the embankment collapsed without support. After mocking it, Zeus pressed it under Mt Aetna in Sicily.

▲ Version of the Library
The description in the Book Library is similar to that of Nonus, but much more concise. Zeus was thunderous and used a corundum sickle to fight against Typhon. The demon was injured and defeated. Zeus pursued Mount Kasium in Syria and fought hand to hand with him. Difeng entangled the heavenly god with snake hair, grabbed the sickle, and cut off his flesh and muscles. It abandoned its body in the Cheriqiong Cave and hid its muscles under a bear skin. Hermes and Aigipan stole the flesh and muscles and placed them back on the body. Zeus regained his power, rode the cloud chariot, rode the wind horse, lifted the divine thunder, and drove Typhon to Thrace. The demon sacrificed the entire mountain, but was hit by a thunderbolt, attempting to escape from the Sicilian Sea. Zeus summoned Mount Etna and pressed it down below.
▲ The gods fled
When Hermes transformed into a vermilion and became the embodiment of the ancient Egyptian god Thoth, Typhon triumphed, all other gods except Zeus and Athena were frightened and fled to Egypt. They listened to Pan's suggestion and transformed into various animals for hiding. Hera became a white cow, Apollo became an eagle (some say a raven), Hermes became a egret, Ares became a fish, Artemis became a cat, Dionysus became a goat, Hercules became a deer, Hephaestus became a bull, and Leto became an old mouse. The other gods also have their own incarnations. On the other hand, Pan himself transformed into a sheep on his upper body and a fish on his lower body.
Hyginus' Astronautica tells the story of Venus and his son Cupid swimming in the Euphrates River and causing trouble when they encounter Typhon. The two gods jumped into the river and transformed into two fish. This is the origin of Pisces.
▲ Other details
Dionysica mentions that Typhon was rampant in Lydia. The priest there bound it with a spell, making it afraid to move forward.
There is a version that says Pan used a fish feast as bait to lure Typhoon from the abyss to the beach, and then Zeus killed him with thunder. Another theory is that Pan caught this demon with a fishing net. There are also several classics that suggest that the defeat of Typhon was in Phrygia. In Valerius Flaccus' Latin epic 'Argonautica', Bacchus (equivalent to Dionysus) and Palas (equivalent to Athena) also dared to confront Typhon. And it was Poseidon, not Zeus, who ultimately crushed the demons at the bottom of the mountain.
Difeng was also deceived by the three goddesses of fate. In Nysa Mountain, the three sisters tricked him into eating the fruits of the day, saying they could increase his strength. After eating it, Difeng was defeated within a day.

In the Iliad, it is said that Typhon was defeated by Zeus on the land of the Arimois and lay there all along. According to the "Divine Genealogy", the mother snake Achidna also occupies a cave in Alimoya. Perhaps that's where the gate of the Abyss is located. In the Odyssey, it is mentioned that there is a place called Kimmeroi, which is covered in ice and snow all year round, with long nights and no days, and may have a connection with Alimoia. The great geographer Strabo inferred that this was the volcanic plain of Lydia at that time.
The Serbonian Lake was located at the border between Egypt and Phoenicia at that time. Herodotus and others believed that Typhon's prison should be located there. But this mostly stems from the relationship between Typhon and the ancient Egyptian god Set.
More versions suggest that Typhoon was buried beneath Mount Etna in Sicily. It struggled to get out of trouble at the bottom of the mountain, causing an earthquake, and the magic flames and smoke rushed out of the mountain, causing a volcanic eruption. Zeus sent Hephaestus to suppress on the mountain, while using the flames to forge iron. Aeschylus prophesied that the fire of Typhoon could not be extinguished, and one day magma would converge into a river, burning up the entire soil of the island. Strabo believes that not only Sicily, but also nearby islands are being crushed by Typhoon. Once the demon turns over, it causes a major disaster.

 

Pub Time : 2023-09-08 10:11:09 >> News list
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