Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (November 30, 1874 – January 24, 1965) was a British politician, historian, speaker, writer, and journalist who served as the 61st and 63rd Prime Ministers (1940-1945, 1951-1955). [11]
Churchill came from a noble family and graduated from the Royal Military Academy of Sanhurst. In 1895, he joined the army and participated as a journalist in the Spanish suppression of the Cuban Revolution, the British invasion of India, and the Anglo Prussian War. After 1900, he was consecutively elected as a member of the Liberal or Conservative Party, serving as Minister of Colony, Navy, Finance, and Defense, but was reassigned to a vacant position due to his responsibility for the defeat in the Gallipoli Campaign. After Hitler came to power in Germany, he proposed the idea of forming a Soviet system and opposed the policy of appeasement. After the outbreak of World War II, he was appointed as the Minister of the Navy and the following year as the Prime Minister, forming a coalition cabinet and leading the British people in the war against Germany. After the outbreak of the Soviet German War in 1941, a statement was immediately issued to assist the Soviet Union. At the same time, they also vigorously sought assistance from the United States and contributed to the victory of the anti fascist war. He resigned after losing the election in 1945 and delivered the Iron Curtain Speech in 1946, marking the beginning of the Cold War. [18] He was re elected as Prime Minister in 1951 and retired in 1955. In 1965, Churchill passed away in London due to illness. [13]
Churchill was one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century [4] [59], as well as an important British historian who wrote works such as "Memoirs of World War II" and "A History of the English speaking Nation". He was nominated for the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature and the Nobel Peace Prize. He is also one of the people in history who has the largest number of English words (over 120000), and was once praised by the news media as one of the "eight most persuasive speakers in the world in the past century" and the "greatest 100 British people". He is also the greatest British person in history. But its involvement in racist words and actions has also sparked significant controversy [9].

Early experiences
At 1:30 am on November 30, 1874, Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (also known as Winston Leopold Spencer Churchill) was born at Brenheim Palace in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. His ancestor, John Churchill, was granted the title of Duke of Marlborough by Queen Anne in 1702 for supporting William III during the Glorious Revolution and winning as the commander-in-chief of the army in wars against Spain and France. The Marlborough family ranked 10th among the 20 duke families outside of the royal family in 19th century England. Churchill's father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was the third son of Duke VII of Marlborough and the founder of the Conservative Party's Primrose Order (a faction of the Conservative Party mainly composed of the working class). He served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the cabinet, second only to the Prime Minister. Churchill's mother, Jenny Jerome, was the daughter of Leonard Jerome, an American millionaire and a shareholder of The New York Times. [4] [13] [36]
Churchill was a premature baby. Due to his father's involvement in politics and his mother's indulgence in socializing, he rarely felt the love of his parents during his youth and only formed a deep family bond with the nanny. [2] During his childhood, Winston was considered a naturally dull child, and his parents even considered him a "problem child" at one point. [65]
In 1881, at the age of 7, Churchill was sent to a boarding school for the noble children of St. George in Ascot. He is naturally active, enjoys taking risks, and is lazy in his studies. He is one of the most mischievous, greedy, and poorly performing students in school, so he often receives physical punishment from his teachers. Two years later, Churchill transferred to Thomson School in Brighton. In his academic career, he particularly disliked mathematics and Latin, but had an interest in history and classical literature, particularly in military affairs. From a young age, he admired Napoleon of France and his ancestor John Churchill, and longed to create a career like them. [13] [67]
In 1888, Churchill enrolled in Harrow School, which was specifically designed for aristocratic children, but his grades remained poor. Given Churchill's love for military and his lack of other studies, Randolph decided to send his son to the Royal Military Academy of Sanhurst after his graduation. In August 1893, after three exams, Churchill finally entered the cavalry program at the school with a score of 95th. [2] His ideal is to join the army wherever there is a war, and once the war is successful, he will engage in politics. [13] During his time in school, Churchill extensively researched works in military, history, literature, politics and law, and excelled in writing and giving speeches, developing distinctive public speaking skills. By the end of his military school life, Churchill had ranked 8th out of 150 graduates in the school.

In January 1895, Randolph, who was unsuccessful in politics, passed away early, and in July of the same year, his old nanny, Everest, who had a close relationship with Churchill, also passed away. All of this had a huge impact on him. Therefore, 1895 is considered Churchill's "year of independence and adulthood.". In February, he graduated from the Royal Military Academy of Sanhurst and, after his mother's intervention, was assigned to serve as a lieutenant officer in the 4th Cavalry Regiment under the command of Colonel Brabazong. In October, Churchill used his vacation to go to Cuba with friends and personally experienced the wars of the uprisings of the local people in Spain and Cuba. Due to his father's relationship, Churchill was targeted by the British intelligence agency and tasked with collecting intelligence on the ammunition used by the Spanish army. The Daily Chronicle also hired him as a military journalist to write articles for the newspaper. In November, after experiencing war and carrying a Spanish Red Cross medal, Churchill returned to England. His trip to Cuba made Churchill fall in love with his life as a writer and journalist. [2]
In 1896, Churchill was transferred to India with the 4th Cavalry Regiment, initially stationed in Bangalore in the south. A year later, an armed uprising against the British army broke out in the Malakand region of northern India. Upon learning of the news, Churchill immediately took a leave of absence and interviewed the British military operations as a journalist for the Kolkata Herald and the Daily Telegraph. He added other materials he collected to the articles he sent to the two newspapers and wrote his first work, "Malakand Field Army Chronicles.". In 1898, the Malakand Field Army Chronicles was published in England. Churchill was once again transferred to the 21st Cavalry Regiment stationed in Egypt through upper class relations, and soon went south with the Regiment to participate in the British colonial war against Sudan. Afterwards, Churchill successively published novels such as "Savorola" and "War on the River" about the British army's suppression of the Sudanese People's War.

During his two years in India, he left a deep imprint on Churchill's later life. As a journalist, he felt his knowledge was lacking. Over the course of two years, he read boxes of books, including Plato's "The Republic", Edward Gibbon's "The Decline of the Roman Empire", and Thomas Babington Macaulay's "The History of England Since the Succession of James II and William III". Later on, he was able to become a politician with profound insights on many issues, which was inseparable from his rich historical knowledge. [13] [67]
In September 1899, Churchill, who had resigned from his military position, went to South Africa as a journalist for the Morning Post to cover the Anglo British War. Captured while accompanying British soldiers, Churchill, although a journalist, refused to be released by the Boers because he carried weapons and participated in combat. On December 19th, Churchill escaped from prison at night and, with the help of a local British immigrant, fled to the British consulate in Lorenzo Magus (now Maputo, Mozambique). This incident has caused him to gain a great reputation in the UK. In March 1900, Churchill, who had gone through several more battles, finally returned to England and was welcomed by the people of the Alder constituency. "The heroes of the expedition have returned.".