Roman columns, whose basic units are composed of columns and eaves. The column can be divided into three parts: column base, column body and column head (column cap). Due to the different dimensions, proportions and shapes of each part, as well as the different treatment and decorative patterns of the column body, different column styles are formed.
From the 10th century BC to the 7th century BC, the Italian peninsula was in a period of multi-ethnic and multicultural interweaving. The "ancient Italians" were the most important of them. In the Bronze Age around 1000 BC, they crossed the northern and eastern Alps and the Adriatic Sea to Italy, and brutally forced many local indigenous tribes to migrate. At first, they lived a nomadic life, but they already had the skills to make bronze ware, use horses and carts with wheels. After arriving in Italy, they formed a lifestyle based on farming. This way of life became the main way of life for its descendants in the following centuries, until the decline of Roman civilization. "Ancient Italians" are composed of several nationalities, including Sabin, Umbrian and Latin.
In the 9th and 8th centuries BC, two new nationalities emerged on the Italian peninsula: the Etruscans and the Greeks. The ancient people believed that the Etruscans came from Anatolia in the East, and some archaeological discoveries today have also confirmed this. From the perspective of origin, they do not seem to be ancient Italians. Just as their language is not Indo European, their civilization is a mixture of various factors from the East and the West. The famous Viranova civilization represents the initial development stage of the Etruscan people, from which we can see the extraordinary cultural progress they have made in the new territory. This new territory is located in northeastern Italy and in the coastal plain between the Apennine Mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea. The Etruscans lived in independent and powerful city states, which usually formed alliances. These city states were initially ruled by a monarch, and later became oligarchs ruled by parliaments and elected officials. The Etruscans were originally a farming tribe with well-organized troops. They used these troops to rule the surrounding ethnic groups. At the same time, they also liked to run businesses and handicrafts. Tuscany and Latin America in the north should be the earliest settlement of Etruscans. A small number of Latin people lived and multiplied in the southern end of the territory, where the city of Rome was finally established. Therefore, in the heyday of Etruscan civilization, the Romans were only villagers, and they were closely related to the language, thought and religion of Etruscan people: Etruscan people had a unique and most important influence on the transformation of Roman culture to civilization.
On the other hand, during the Mycenaean civilization period from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, the Greeks sailed vertically and horizontally in the coastal areas of southern and central Italy, and then came to a standstill to end their voyage. Due to the competition with the Phoenicians on the western trade routes, they established a new trade base, and then made the colony develop comprehensively in the 8th century BC. They first established a colony in Piscusa, Italy (Iskill Island in the Gulf of Naples), and then pushed their power slightly northward to the Continent of Cumi, Sicily, and the southern coastal area of Italy. With the contact with the Greeks, the Etruscans soon became more mature. They created letters according to Greek characters, formed their own sculpture and painting styles, developed religious beliefs based on Greek anthropomorphic gods, and elaborately formulated a set of ceremonies for divining the future. All this was later inherited by the Romans.

Roman classical orders include three types in the Greek period, including five types: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Roman (Taskan, composite).
Among them, Taskan style and composite style are two kinds of Roman style based on the first three Greek styles. The proportion of Taolik style column shafts is robust, gradually shrinking from bottom to top, and the column height is 4-6 times of the bottom diameter. The column is carved with concave groove, the back of the groove is angular, and the column head is relatively simple, without patterns. The ratio of the height of the eaves directly standing on the pedestal to the column body is 1:4, and the column spacing is about 1.2 to 1.5 times of the column diameter. The proportion of the Ionic style column body is slender, with no significant change in the upper and lower proportion. The column height is 9 to 10 times of the bottom diameter. The column body is carved with concave grooves, the back of the grooves is ribbon shaped, and there are multi-layer column bases. The ratio of the eaves height to the column height is 1:5, and the column spacing is 2 times of the column diameter. The Corinthian style is the same as the Ionic style except that the capitals are decorated like baskets of curly grass flowers. Tasmanian style is a simple style with thick proportion of column body, no circular groove and column base. In the compound style, a pair of Ionic scrolls are added to Corinthian capitals, which tend to be gorgeous, fine, delicate and luxurious.
Taurik
Doric Order
It is a kind of column without a column base, which is directly placed on the steps and is built up one by one by a series of drum shaped stones. It is relatively sturdy and magnificent. The surface of the cylinder is carved with continuous grooves from top to bottom. The number of grooves varies from 16 to 24. It comes from ancient Egypt. The famous French Egyptian scholars named the Pre Tauric order, which is the pioneer of this Greek order. The Doric Order of Greece is characterized by its large and majestic style, no column base, 20 grooves on the column body, and no decoration on the column head. Doric columns are also called male columns. The Parthenon of the famous Athen Acropolis is of the Doric order.
Ionic
Ionic Order:
This type of column is thin, light and full of exquisite carvings. The column body is long, thin at the top and thick at the bottom, but without radian. The groove of the column body is deep and semicircular. The upper capitals are composed of decorative strips and two connected large circular scrolls, on which there is a direct lintel of the top plate. In short, it gives people a relaxed, lively, free and beautiful feminine temperament. The Ionic Order of Greece is characterized by its slender and beautiful shape, 24 grooves on the column body, and a pair of downward scroll decorations on the column head. The Ionic Order is also called the female column. Because of its elegant and noble temperament, Ioni columns widely appeared in a large number of buildings in ancient Greece, such as the Temple of Athena Nike and Erechtheum in the Acropolis of Athens.
Collins
Corinthian order:
It may first appear in the Temple of Zeus on Olympus Mountain in Athens. There are scroll shaped decorative patterns on four sides and two rows of leaf decorations around it. It is particularly beautiful and delicate because of its pursuit of delicacy and symmetry. The Corinthian Order in Greece is thinner than the Ionic column in proportion, and the capitals are decorated with acanthus, which looks like a basket full of flowers and plants. The Corinthian order is more decorative than the Ionic order, but it was not widely used in ancient Greece. The Temple of Zeus in Athens adopted the Corinthian order.
The Romans inherited the Greek style and improved it, improved the Corinthian style, widely used to build large-scale and ornate buildings, and created a mixed style style with Ionic capitals on Corinthian capitals. They transformed the Greek Doric order and developed the Taskan order.
GRC Roman Column
GRC Roman Column
GRC Roman Column (4 sheets)
GRC Roman column includes cylinder and square column, which are divided into smooth type; Line type; Sculpture type; Hollow type, etc.
1. The smooth column gives a very clear and generous feeling in architecture.
2. The unique Roman column like decorative lines of line type columns are simple and lively, showing the ancient civilization and giving people a sense of well arranged;
3. Sculptured columns give people a sense of grace and luxury. In modern people's aesthetic concepts, a large number of buildings with sculptural components are used.
4. Hollow out columns are the most difficult to make. They are mainly made of various artistic carvings, and most of their textures are hollow out.
5. It is used for exterior wall building to highlight the texture structure of the building.
A. Ceramic industry: Roman columns
Roman column, also known as Roman frame, is a new craft product emerging in the building materials and ceramics industry in recent years. It mainly imitates the special lines and patterns of European style ancient Roman architecture, and combines modern technology and aesthetic perspective. The two perfectly blend together, which is a collision between ancient and modern time and space.
Roman column
The materials used are usually natural stone (such as marble, jade, etc.) and artificial stone (granite); Generally, the machine is used to carve the general outline, and the manual polishing is used carefully.