Richard II (January 6, 1367 – February 14, 1400) was the last English king of the Plantagenet dynasty (reigned 1377-1399, abolished 1399).
Richard II was born in Bordeaux and was the youngest son of Black Prince Edward. His father and elder brother, Edward of Angoulim, passed away before his grandfather Edward III. Therefore, in 1377, after the death of Edward III, Richard, who was only 10 years old, succeeded to the throne of England and was regent of John of Gunther.

Richard II (January 1367 – February 14, 1400) was the king of England, reigning from 1377 to 1399. The son of Black Prince Edward. Inheriting the throne from his grandfather, but the real power was held by his uncle, Duke John of Lancaster, and another uncle, Duke Thomas of Gloucester, was also ambitious and attempted regency. Richard retaliated against them after reaching adulthood. In 1397, Thomas died in prison before being tried, and his title as Duke was abolished; He also expelled Henry, the eldest son of John of Gunter and his cousin from Bollinger Brook, and confiscated the territory of the Lancaster family after John's death in 1399. In 1399, Henry raised troops to arrest the king during his expedition to Ireland and obtained the approval of the parliament to depose Richard, who ascended to the throne as Henry IV. Thus, the Plantagenet Dynasty came to an end and the Lancaster Dynasty began.

In the early years of Richard II's reign, his think tank imposed a poll tax three times between 1377 and 1381, which made the lower class very averse. In 1381, the Watt Taylor peasant uprising broke out, burning down the Savoy Palace of John, the uncle of Richard II, and killing the Archbishop of Canterbury and the King's Chief Financial Secretary. Richard II was trapped on the Tower of London. Therefore, 14-year-old Richard bravely rode his horse to Smithfield in London to meet with Wat Tyler, a rebel leader who had rebelled in the countryside a few weeks ago. However, due to the inability of both sides to reach an agreement, the king's side assassinated the rebel leader. The peasant uprising was ultimately suppressed, and soon after, Richard was forced by Congress to revoke his promised pardon.
Richard's struggle for power offended vested interest groups, and his dependence on his favored subjects caused dissatisfaction. In 1388, a cruel parliament led by a group of hostile nobles (who were hostile to the king's uncle, Duke Woodstock Thomas of Gloucester, the first Duke of Gloucester) sentenced many of the king's favored subjects to death and forced Richard to repeat his coronation oath. In 1394, the death of his first queen, Anne of Bohemia, made Richard isolated, and subsequently, his arbitrary and arbitrary behavior made him even more unpopular. Richard began his retaliatory actions in 1397, exiling many prestigious nobles who were hostile to him. His cousin Henry IV was subsequently exiled, and after the death of Henry's father, John Gunther (the third son of Edward III), Richard confiscated all the land of the Duke of Lancaster (which should have been inherited by Henry) and distributed it to his supporters.
Richard continued to adhere to a policy of peaceful treatment towards France (his second wife was French Princess Isabelle de Valois). He continued to claim to be the King of France and did not give up on Calais, but during his reign, the Hundred Years War was suspended for 28 years, and his travels to Ireland failed to reconcile the Gaelic and British Irish relationships.