P é pin le Bref, also known as P é pin III, was a Frankish king who reigned from 751 to 768 AD and the son of Charles Matt. The term P é pin le Bref appears in later historical records, probably due to his short stature, as Bref actually meant court in French at the time, meaning short. Pippin was the father of Charlemagne and the founder of the Carolingian dynasty.
On October 22, 741 AD, Charles Matt passed away, and power was transferred to his sons Pippin and Carolman. In 747, Carloman retired to the monastery and became a monk, and the position of the palace minister was transferred to Pippin. On September 24, 768, Pippin died of edema in Paris.

The success of Piping III is inseparable from his grandfather and father. His grandfather, Hestar Pippin, repelled many fierce and cunning opponents and became the only prime minister of the Merovingian court. His father, "Hammer" Charlie Matt, further played with the "Lazy King" of the Merovingian dynasty and intimidated the major princes of France. In 732, he led the earliest crusade and defeated the Arab army attempting to cross the Pyrenees into the heart of Europe, making him famous and a hero of the entire Christian world. The conditions for Charlie Matt, the hammer, to ascend to the throne have matured.
He also has a capable brother - Carloman. After dividing their father's territory, the Piping brothers once worked closely together and established a hermit from the Merovingian family as king, becoming the last "lazy king" and together eliminating the loyal nobles of the Merovingian dynasty. But their cooperation is not based on deep brotherhood, but on the exchange of interests. Finally, neither of the brothers wanted to share the entire country with the other. In the duel of 746, the younger brother achieved a complete victory and Kaloman was forced to flee to the monastery. [1]
In 751, the Pope of Rome sent the Archbishop to Paris to crown Pippin. This means that secular regimes require approval from spirituality. This event left the root of the dispute between divine and monarchic power in later times. In order to repay the Pope, Pippin immediately stood on his side and opposed the Lombards. In 751, due to the Lombards capturing Ravenna, Pope Stephen III personally went to the Frankish Kingdom to seek help from Pippin.
In 754, Pippin marched into Italy and forced King Estev of Lombardy to agree to hand over Ravenna and its recently occupied land to the Pope. In 756, Pippin defeated and captured the King of Lombardy. From then on, a large territory from Ravenna to Rome was designated as a papal jurisdiction, forming a "Papal State". It is known as "Piping offering soil" in history. But the land where the Pope resides is dedicated by secular regimes, which seems to indicate that monarchy is superior to divine power.

Monopolize power
At this point, what Pi Ping, the palace minister who monopolizes power, wants to do next is already known to everyone. However, due to the inheritance of the Merovingian family during the Germanic polytheistic period, the divine authority associated with certain Germanic deities was still an obstacle to their usurpation, and in order to successfully usurp the throne, new divine authority must be found. Fortunately, he encountered the Roman Pope who was constantly harassed by the barbarian Lombards from the north (a branch of the Germanic people from the Scandinavian Peninsula) and was almost like a candle in the wind. The Pope needs the support of a strong secular ruler, while the dwarf Pippin needs a new divine mandate of monarchy that the Pope can bestow. It was not surprising that both sides hit it off at once. [1]
Creating a dynasty
In 751, the dwarf Pippin sent an envoy to meet with Pope Zaharias and said, "Although the Frankish king belongs to the royal family and claims to be king, he actually has no power except to sign official documents.".
In other words, they have no authority and only follow the instructions of the palace minister The Pope understood and, in exchange for Frank's support to oppose the threat from the Lombards, replied, "People with real power should be called kings, better than those with only a king in name." Therefore, Pippin held a general meeting in Suazon and solemnly announced the Pope's "decision," formally usurping the throne and establishing the Carolingian dynasty (751-987). Pippin was held high on a shield by the nobles as a sign of their support. Archbishop Boniface in red anointed Pippin and wore a crown, imprisoning the last king of the Merovingian dynasty, Hildric III, in a monastery. Traditionally, a king only needs to be crowned by the Archbishop in Red, but as a usurper and founder, it would be more convincing if the Pope were to be crowned himself, and this beautiful thing would quickly come to his doorstep.
In 753, the Lombards once again threatened Rome, and the new Pope Stephen II braved the wind and snow, crossed the Alps to France, personally sought help from Pippin in Kelsey, personally anointed and crowned Pippin, and publicly announced that no one would be allowed to choose a king from non Carolingian families in the future. Violators would be stripped of their priesthood and expelled from the church. As a reward, in 754 and 756, Pippin twice sent troops to Italy to defeat the Lombards and gifted the "Five Cities" between Ravenna and Rome to the Pope. This event is known as the "Pippin offering of soil" that has been praised by the Christian world for over a thousand years. From then on, a papal state of political and religious unity has existed in central Italy for more than 1100 years.

Piping was an tireless warrior and conqueror, and his military actions reached today's France, Italy, Germany, West and other countries. In 748 and 753, the Saxon rebellion was suppressed twice, laying the foundation for his son Charlemagne's final conquest of the region. The Bavarian uprising was suppressed in 749. He also occupied Septimania south of the Pyrenees and Narpang along the Mediterranean coast in southern France. In 768, he passed away due to edema while returning home after conquering the Aquitanes.
According to the Frankish tradition, Pippin divided the land he had conquered equally between his two sons, Charlie and Carloman. After Carloman's early death, Charlie inherited all the territory and became the new lord Charlemagne.

The influence of the dwarf Pippin on history first lies in the creation of the Papal State. In the Middle Ages, the popularity of the Roman Pope was very strong, and as an important pole affecting the balance of political power in Europe, there were even events such as the "Snow of Canossa's plea for mercy". In addition to the divine light on the Pope's body, the material foundation of the "Papal State" was even more important. Moreover, due to Pippin's contribution of soil to the creation of the Papal State, successive French monarchs regarded themselves as secular protectors of the Pope (of course, this was also partly due to Pippin's son Charlemagne), leading to the later Prisoners of Avignon and the Papal State, which later used France as the background to block the pace of Italian unification.
Of course, the dwarf Pippin was included in the list of influential emperors, and also because he founded the Carolingian dynasty. His campaigns to the south and north laid a solid foundation for his son Charlemagne's domination of Western Europe.
The combination of Pippin the Dwarf and the Holy See was a combination of the most powerful and famous at the time, a combination of emerging military hegemony and traditional spiritual authority, thus standing out in the complex and chaotic political order of Europe at that time. The combination of Germanic barbarian culture and Roman Christian culture formed the foundation of medieval European culture.