The 12th Emperor of the Roman Empire
Nerva, full name Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus (Latin:. The twelfth emperor of the Roman Empire, the first emperor of the Antonian dynasty, and the first emperor of the era of the Five Sages. He reigned from September 18, 1996 to January 27, 1998.

Neva came from the old aristocratic class and was a highly respected elder. About 30 years (also known as approximately 35 years according to historical records), during the reign of Emperor Tiberius, Nerva was born in the small city of Narni, 50 kilometers north of Rome. Neva's father is Marcus Cocceius Neva, who shares the same name as his father. Nierva had at least one surviving sister, named Kokia, who later married Lucius Salvius Titianus Otho, the elder brother of the emperor Oto in the later "year of the four emperors" (the period of the four emperors' civil strife). The Corcus family to which Neva belongs is a famous family from the Roman Republic period to the early days of the empire. His paternal ancestors have been connected with the royal family since the Augustus period. Neva's great-grandfather was the acting consul for the previous 36 years (that is, the substitute consul after the previous consul died or was removed from office), and also the governor of Asia in the same year. His grandfather was the consul for 21 or 22 years, and was also a private friend of the Emperor Tiberio. He accompanied Tiberio to live in seclusion on Capri Island. Neva's father served as consul during the reign of Emperor Caligula. The Corchus family also established a marriage relationship with the royal family of the Julian Claudius dynasty.
When Nerva himself was young, he was a courtier of Emperor Nero. He lived a dissolute life with Nero and wrote many erotic works. In 65 years, Nerva served as the consul and entered the court to become Nero's Minister of Foreign Affairs and Strategy. In 65 years, as Nero's advisor, he successfully investigated and exposed the "conspiracy of Piso", which was a plan by some senators with Piso as the core to assassinate Nero. For this, Nerva won the same honor as Nero's chief of the guard, Tigrinus. Not long after, he also received the honor of holding a triumphal ceremony that only victorious generals could obtain, and had the right to place statues in the palace. At this time, it seems that the future emperor Wei Paxiang treated Nerva as a friend because he was an imperial adviser. Wei Paxiang may entrust his youngest son Domitian to Nerva's care before he went to the East to quell the Jewish rebellion in 67.
In the year 68, after Nero committed suicide, Rome entered a chaotic period of the "Year of the Four Emperors" (the period of internal strife among the Four Emperors), with Galba, Otto, Vittorius, and Vespasian successively declaring themselves emperor. At this time, the movement of Nerva was unknown, but due to the marriage relationship between Emperor Otto and him, it is believed that he betrayed Emperor Vittorius and turned to the Vepaxiang forces, conflicting between the Senate and the Vepaxiang party. During this period, Nierva and the future emperor Domitian had a close friendship. After the establishment of the Flavian dynasty, during the reign of the Vepaxiang father and son, as a representative figure of the old Senate aristocracy, Nerva was highly trusted by the royal family and held a series of important positions, playing a role in various aspects such as internal affairs and diplomacy. In 71 AD, Nerva was elected as a consul at the beginning of the establishment of the new regime, and this was one of the few cases where non royal members served as consuls during the reign of Vepaxiang. After Neva, due to his old age and involvement in court struggles and fell out of favor and retired to the second tier to become a consultant.

administration
On September 18, 1996, Emperor Domitian was assassinated, and the Flavian Dynasty ended. Nerva was elected by the Senate to become the emperor of the Roman Empire. Some people think that Nierva was elected as the emperor by the Senate dignitary who planned to assassinate Domitian. The reason why he was elected was that he was already quite old and childless, and had retired from politics for a long time. Some people even think that Nierva was involved in the plan to assassinate Domitian.
Shortly after Nierva ascended the throne, he decided to adopt a lenient policy in view of the tyranny of Domitian. Neva restored the position and power of the Senate and swore that all important matters of the country must be negotiated with the Senate, and promised not to kill the Senate arbitrarily. He pardoned the exiles of Domitian, returned their property and eased their hostility. In addition, Nerva made necessary adjustments and reforms to some Roman systems: he established a system for relieving impoverished farmers and children, and allocated land worth 60 million sestertius to the poor; At the same time, he also exempted many taxes, reduced the inheritance tax, and lifted the tribute imposed on Jews by Emperor Vespasian. He tightened various expenses to make up for the losses of the national treasury, and established a special committee to reduce financial expenses; Redundant religious ceremonies, games, and carriage races were ordered to be abolished; Previously, the private property of Emperor Domitian, including private yachts, real estate and even furniture, as well as the statue of Domitian made of gold and silver, were auctioned, which brought a lot of money to the central government. Nierva also ordered that his statue should not be cast with gold and silver.

Inheritance Crisis
Neva's measures were very popular among the Senate and the Roman people, but Neva's excessively thrifty rule still caused dissatisfaction among the army. In addition, in the army, especially the guards, the forces supporting the late emperor Domitian are still very strong. After Domitian was assassinated, the guards immediately asked Domitian to be deified. In order to appease the guards, Nierva dismissed Titus Petronius Secendez, the commander of the guards who insisted on opposing Domitian, and replaced him with Kasperius Elianus, the former commander. Similarly, after his accession to the throne, he generously donated money to the legion soldiers, hoping to quickly quell any protests against regime change. However, the guards thought that these measures were insufficient and asked to execute the assassin who assassinated Domitian and the person responsible for the incident. Nierva refused. The continued dissatisfaction with this situation ultimately led to the most serious crisis of Nerva's rule.
In October 1997, under the leadership of Kasperius Elianus, the guards surrounded the imperial palace, hijacked Neva, and asked the emperor to hand over the person responsible for the death of Domitian. Nerva was forced to give in under the coercion of the guards. Titus Petronius Secendez, the deposed former commander of the guards, and the former minister of Domitian were killed by the guards.
This incident taught Nerva a great lesson, making him fully realize that a leader without military support cannot exercise rule over the empire. Then, following Augustus' example, he adopted his own general, Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, governor of Upper Germanic province, who had sufficient military experience and suitable identity, as his stepson, and granted him the title of "Caesar" and the power of tribune to serve as consul of the next year. In this way, Turajin not only became the heir of Nerva, but also his co ruler.
Tura was a respected military commander with rich administrative and military experience, supported by a powerful Germanic army behind him. Nerva adopted Turajin as his son, effectively solving the difficult task of consolidating his rule.

Death
In early 1998, shortly after taking office as consul for the fourth time in Neva, he suddenly suffered a stroke and later had a high fever that persisted. On January 28 of the same year, he died of illness in a private villa at the age of 67. After Neva's death, the Senate deified him.