Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napol é on Bonaparte, August 15, 1769 - May 5, 1821), that is, Napoleon I, was born in Corsica. He was a great French militarist and politician in the 19th century and the founder of the French First Empire. He served as the first ruler of the first Republic of France (1799-1804) and the first emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was crowned emperor on December 2, 1804, turning the Republic into an empire. During his reign, he was called "the emperor of France", and was also the second French emperor to enjoy this name since Charles III in history.
Internally, he repeatedly suppressed the rebellion of reactionary forces, promulgated the Napoleonic Code, improved the world legal system, and established the social order of Western capitalist countries. Externally, he led his troops to break through the anti French alliance formed by Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia and other countries, won more than 50 large-scale battles, dealt a heavy blow to the feudal systems of European countries, and defended the achievements of the French Revolution. During his reign in France, he expanded abroad many times, launched the Napoleonic War, and became the king of Italy, the protector of the Rhine Federation, the arbiter of the Swiss Federation, and the colonial Lord of the French Empire (including French colonies, Dutch colonies, Spanish colonies, etc.). In the most glorious period, all countries in Europe except Britain surrendered to Napoleon or formed alliances. It has formed a huge Napoleon Empire system and created a series of military and political miracles and short-term brilliant achievements.
Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and was later exiled to Elba. After the establishment of the hundred day Dynasty in 1815, he was defeated again in Waterloo and exiled. Napoleon died of illness on St. Helena on May 5, 1821. In 1840, his coffin was welcomed back to Paris, France, and was solemnly buried in the Paris Invalides (Paris Invalides) on the Bank of the Seine River in France.

cut a striking figure
Napoleon at the age of 23
Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, in 1769. He was a left-handed man. His original name was Napoleon Bonaparte, and he was renamed Bonaparte in 1796. Napoleon thought he was a non French at the beginning, and hoped that one day Corsica would be independent from France [3].
He left his hometown for France on December 15, 1778. On January 1, 1779, he entered Orton middle school. Under the arrangement of his father Carlo Bonaparte, Napoleon entered the Brienne Military Academy in France to receive education when he was 10 years old. Napoleon is very studious, but as an "outsider" from remote and colonial Corsica, the short Napoleon is often bullied by other native students, but he is very tough and tenacious. Through his unremitting efforts, he finally won the respect of many native students [1]. During this period, Napoleon showed great talent in mathematics, especially geometry [3].
On October 19, 1784, after Napoleon graduated from Brienne with excellent grades, he was sent to the military academy in Paris, France, to specialize in artillery.
At the age of 16, his father died, and Napoleon, who was poor, graduated ahead of schedule, entered the Rafael corps and was awarded the rank of second lieutenant of artillery [4]. While stationed in various places with the army, he was addicted to various books, including Alexander's war history works, applied physics, mathematics, architecture, and records of the local conditions and customs of various countries [3], as well as many works of thinkers in the Enlightenment period, of which Rousseau's thoughts had a great impact on him. In 1789, after the outbreak of the French Revolution, Napoleon returned to Corsica, hoping to take the opportunity to promote Corsica's independence, but was strongly opposed by another pro British faction. [5]
The political situation in France in 1791 was unpredictable and turbulent. At the beginning of the French Revolution, the constitutional monarchy, which represented the interests of the bourgeoisie and the liberal aristocracy, took power. They established the constitutional monarchy. In 1791, King Louis XVI colluded with foreign feudal reactionary forces. As a result, the conspiracy was exposed and the monarchy was abolished.
In 1792, Gironde, representing the big industrial and commercial bourgeoisie, came to power. On September 22, the French kingdom was changed to the French Republic.
In 1793, Louis XVI was executed, Britain and other countries formed the first anti French Alliance, and the French Revolution began to face a serious crisis.
In June 1793, the Jacobin faction, a democratic faction headed by Robespierre and representing the interests of the French petty bourgeoisie, took power, and the French Revolution reached a climax. In December, the young major Napoleon made a small test of his skills. He defeated the royalist forces and the British army and won the battle of Toulon. As a result, he was appreciated by the Jacobins and was promoted to brigadier general, which was the first time in European military history.
In 1794, Napoleon in the hot moon coup was investigated because of his close relationship with the Robespierre brothers. Subsequently, he was removed from the rank of brigadier general because he refused to serve in the infantry of the Italian Legion.
In 1795, he accepted the request of balas, the governor of Paris, and successfully suppressed the armed rebellion of the royalist forces, which was the famous campaign to suppress the royalist party. Napoleon was promoted to brigadier general and commander of the Paris garrison overnight, and began to make his mark in the military and political circles.

begin to display one 's talent
Napoleon, commander of the Italian Army
Napoleon was an outstanding militarist, deeply studied the military knowledge at that time, and was good at applying various military strategies to actual combat, especially advocating the centralized use of artillery and giving full play to the mobility of cavalry.
On March 2, 1796, at the age of 26, Napoleon was appointed commander in chief of the Italian front army of the French Republic. On March 9, he married his lady Josephine boarne, and then hurried to the front. In Italy, the French army led by Napoleon defeated wermze, alvenzi, Bolier and other generals of the Austrian Empire for many times, and finally forced the other side to sign an armistice treaty in favor of the French Republic. [9]
After the great victory in northern Italy, Napoleon's prestige became higher and higher, making him a people's hero of the French Republic. However, his rise made the Paris governor feel threatened. He was appointed as the commander of the Arab Indian Front Army (Oriental Army) of the French Republic and sent to the Middle East to suppress the expansion of British forces in the region and try to control the Suez Canal and sea routes to Asia. In Napoleon's expedition, in addition to 2000 artillery pieces, he also led 175 scholars from all walks of life, as well as hundreds of boxes of books and research equipment. During the expedition, Napoleon once gave a famous instruction: "let donkeys and scholars with luggage walk in the middle of the procession.".
In 1798, Napoleon went on an expedition to Egypt and occupied Alexandria. In the face of the brave and skillful Mamluk, Napoleon showed extraordinary military talent and excellent military accomplishment. In July, under the shadow of Giza pyramid, "soldiers! I have watched you on the pyramid for 40 centuries! (Napoleon's famous words)", the shocking results of the pyramid campaign cleared the obstacles to Cairo at one stroke, and made it gain a terrorist name among Mamluk and Ottoman [4].
Although he commanded the French army to win an overall victory on land, the French fleet was destroyed by British admiral Horatio Nelson in the battle of Abu kil in August, and the land forces were trapped in Egypt. Napoleon marched into Türkiye, repelling the Turkish army many times, but encountered plague, heat and supply difficulties. Finally, it was blocked by Aker City, which had been attacked for a long time. On May 17, he returned to Egypt and surrounded and annihilated the Türkiye army in Abu kil. Napoleon still regretted that he could not capture Aker Castle until his death. In his memoirs on St. Helena, he said: "if Aker Castle falls as soon as possible, it will change the face of the world."