John Kennedy (May 29, 1917 - November 22, 1963, full name John Fitzgerald Kennedy/John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as John F. Kennedy/John F. Kennedy, Jack Kennedy/Jack Kennedy, JFK), was born in Bruklein, Massachusetts, the United States. He is an Irish American politician and soldier, and the 35th President of the United States.
Kennedy graduated from Harvard University in 1940. He joined the US Army in 1940. He served in the House of Representatives from 1948 to 1950. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957. In 1960, he was elected the 35th President of the United States.
During his presidency from January 20, 1961 to November 22, 1963, Kennedy pursued the policy of "new frontier", expanded social welfare and developed education; Created the Peace Corps; We will carry out a series of economic reforms.
Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, and his body was buried in Washington National Cemetery on November 25 [3]. After his death, there were many commemorative activities and buildings, including New York's Kennedy International Airport, the aircraft carrier Kennedy, the Kennedy School of Politics of Harvard University, and the John F. Kennedy Library.

Early experience
Kennedy at Harvard University
Kennedy at Harvard University
On May 29, 1917, John F. Kennedy (hereinafter referred to as "Kennedy") was born in Brooklyn, Massachusetts, USA.
In 1922, when he was five years old, he entered the Edward Devotion School, where he studied from kindergarten to the third grade.
In 1924, when he was seven years old, he was sent to Dexter School with his nine year old brother Joseph Patrick Kennedy Jr. Later, he was sent to Canterbury Boarding School in Wallingford, Connecticut to continue his study and life.
In July 1936, he applied for admission to Harvard University and was accepted successfully. While studying at Harvard University, he visited Europe twice.
In June 1940, he graduated from Harvard University and received an honorary degree in international relations; From September to December, he studied in Stanford University Business School [6].
Military career
Kennedy Joined the Army
Kennedy Joined the Army (2)
In the autumn of 1940, he became the first group of young people selected to join the United States Army. Since he was admitted to Stanford University for the 1940-1941 course, he would not be recruited until the end of the academic year.
In the spring of 1941, Kennedy was unable to be admitted to the Army and Navy's officer reserve schools during the physical examination because of problems with his back, colon and abdomen.
In October of the same year, with the help of Colonel Kirk of the United States Navy Intelligence Unit, Kennedy went to work in the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Navy Intelligence Unit as a second lieutenant and became an intelligence transmitter. His job was to check and summarize reports from foreign intelligence stations and to compile information for the Navy Intelligence Unit; On December 7, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (Pearl Harbor Incident). Kennedy's department began to work 24 hours a day. Kennedy's shift was night shift [6].
Political experience
In January 1947, he took office in Washington, D.C. In 1948 and 1950, he was re elected to the House of Representatives.
In 1949, after the end of China's civil war, Kennedy, as a member of the House of Representatives, fiercely attacked Truman, then President, and "lost" China [7].
the president elect
John F. Kennedy Photos
John F. Kennedy Photos (12)
In 1960, as a candidate of the Democratic Party, he participated in the presidential election and won a narrow victory over the Republican candidate Nixon, becoming the President of the United States [8].
In 1961, a presidential decree was signed to grant Eisenhower the military rank of five-star general again. Eisenhower gave up the military rank of five-star general in order to run for president.
On June 26, 1963, he visited West Berlin and made a speech publicly criticizing communism [6].

be assassinated
Kennedy was killed
Main term: John F. Kennedy assassination
On November 22, 1963, Kennedy, accompanied by his wife Jacqueline and Texas Governor John Connelly, was shot at 12:30 when he drove past Deli Square in Dallas, Texas in an open car. Kennedy died that afternoon, and then Lyndon Johnson, then Vice President, succeeded him [3].
On the 25th of the same month, Kennedy's body was buried in the National Cemetery in Washington. Representatives of more than 90 countries (including the Soviet Union) attended the funeral, including 8 heads of state, 10 prime ministers (prime ministers) and a large number of government officials [9].

political phase
"New frontier"
John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy (14 sheets)
Main Term: New Frontier
On July 15, 1960, Kennedy put forward the slogan of "New Frontier" in his speech accepting the nomination of the Democratic presidential candidate. While running for president, Kennedy began to prepare for social and economic reform. First of all, we should publicize the goals and policy lines of the social and economic reform of the "New Frontier" in the United States to the voters.
On October 12 and 31 of the same year, Kennedy delivered campaign speeches in New York and Pennsylvania respectively, explaining that he would take a series of reforms on economic and civil rights issues. In terms of expanding the "welfare state", he included "fair governance" and all relevant bills stranded in the National Assembly after the mid-1950s. Kennedy also announced the goal of catching up with and surpassing the Soviet Union in the field of space technology [10].
Economic aspects
Anti recession
John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy (18 sheets)
In 1962, in the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan, Kennedy asked Congress to pass laws such as increasing unemployment allowance and social insurance, raising the minimum wage, providing emergency relief to farmers, providing funds for housing construction and slum clearance, and redeveloping depressed areas; By the end of June, these bills had been amended and passed by Congress. In addition, Kennedy instructed all federal departments to accelerate spending, ordered the new minimum wage law to increase the wages of government employees and government laundrymen excluded by the law, issued free food vouchers, reduced the interest on loans from the Federal Housing Administration, and increased the government budget by $3 billion.
Kennedy's measures have played a role in accelerating the economic recovery of the United States. However, his efforts to solve structural unemployment failed. The "Law on Redeveloping Depressed Areas" passed on March 29, 1961 was praised by Kennedy as "an important step in the direction that everyone can find a job". The results can be implemented with little effect. Congress allocated only $170 million to train unemployed workers.
From 1961 to 1962, the federal and local governments only completed the training of 14000 workers, which is only a drop in the bucket for more than 5 million unemployed people. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the "Law on Redeveloping Depressed Areas", Kennedy sent the "Law on Force Development and Training" to the Congress, which was passed in the spring of 1962 and received the first appropriation in the autumn, but still had no obvious effect. After the end of the 1961 economic crisis, the unemployment force did not decrease significantly, and the unemployment rate remained above 5.5% for a long time [11].
monetary policy
After the mid-1950s, due to the rise of short-term interest rates in the Western European financial markets, the United States could no longer freely reduce short-term interest rates, or it would accelerate the outflow of dollars and expand the balance of payments deficit. Therefore, the Kennedy Administration decided to pursue a limited and cheap monetary policy of reducing long-term interest rates and raising short-term interest rates. The Federal Reserve reached an agreement with the Kennedy Government to purchase long-term bonds issued by the government, reduce long-term interest rates and stimulate investment. This agreement is called the "double interest rate" policy. It is the product of the contradiction between the US government's use of cheap monetary policy to promote economic growth and its use of tight monetary policy to reduce the balance of payments deficit in the 1960s. The "double interest rate" policy temporarily reversed the rising trend of long-term interest rates on US mortgages and bonds [12].
Tax Reduction Act
At the beginning of 1962, the economic situation showed signs of further deterioration. In the first quarter, the economic growth rate dropped to 1%, while the unemployment rate was close to 6%; From May 28 to June 3, the New York stock market experienced the most violent slump wave since the world economic crisis. The economic situation shows that the compensatory fiscal policy aimed at anti crisis is not enough to ease the increasingly sharp contradiction between capitalist production capacity and the market. From June to October 1962, Congress passed the "Accelerated Depreciation Law", "Deferred Tax Payment Law" and "Investment Tax Preference Law" proposed by Kennedy, reducing taxes on industrial sectors by 2.5 billion dollars.
On January 24, 1963, after much deliberation, Kennedy proposed to Congress a special message on tax reduction of US $13.3 billion and tax system reform. In his message, Kennedy reiterated that the purpose of tax cuts was not only to deal with the possible recession, but also to cure the long-standing slow economic growth and high unemployment. As the monopoly bourgeoisie opposes tax reform, the Congress has been slow to accept the tax reduction plan. In order to reduce taxes, the Kennedy administration decided to give up tax reform. On August 12, John Dillon, Secretary of the Treasury of the Kennedy Administration, proposed to the Congress to reduce taxes by 16 billion dollars within two years, corporate profits tax by 2 billion dollars, and personal income tax by 8 billion dollars. The tax reduction bill was passed in the House of Representatives on September 25. Kennedy was assassinated and killed during the deliberation of the Senate. On February 8, 1964, the tax reduction bill became law during Johnson's tenure [11].

Science and technology
Formulate moon landing plan
On April 12, 1961, the Soviet Union succeeded in manned space flight, challenging the United States again; On April 20, Kennedy asked Vice President Johnson, who was in charge of the National Air and Space Commission, to formulate a space plan to catch up with and surpass the Soviet Union; On April 28, Johnson proposed the moon landing plan; On May 27, Kennedy delivered an emergency message to the Congress, announcing the Apollo plan to land on the moon before 1970, and asked the Congress to increase the space development expenditure by 600 million dollars, which was approved by the Congress. In 1962, Kennedy asked Congress to increase space spending by an additional 1.1 billion dollars. In order to compete with the Soviet Union to dominate the world, the US government has tightened its control over the development of cutting-edge science and technology [13].