Jo ã o I de Portugal (April 11, 1357 – August 13, 1433) was the King of Portugal (1385-1433) and the founder of the Avish dynasty. He is Prometheus, who stole a torch from ancient Greek civilization to illuminate the Atlantic coast; He was the leader of the early colonial cause armed with science, and also a hero of the adventure that dared to challenge the mysteries of the world.

general situation
Jo ã o I, the founder of the Avish dynasty in Portugal, is known as "Jo ã o the Great" and may be the greatest king in Portuguese history. During his reign, Portugal established a national policy of developing towards the sea and sounded the prelude to the arrival of the Age of Great Navigation. From his birth to ascending the throne of Portugal, King Joon I was composed of a series of romantic and bloody stories.
His father
Joon was the illegitimate son of King Pedro I of Portugal and his mistress Theresa Lorenzo. His father was a passionate yet somewhat cruel person.
In 1340, Pedro, who was then a prince, married the noblewoman Constanza Manuel of the Kingdom of Castile. However, he fell in love with Constanza Manuel's maid, Ines de Castro, and openly cohabited with her, giving birth to four children. But their love has aroused hostility from stubborn forces, and some ministers in the court believe that Ines is a beauty disaster that will endanger the stability of the Portuguese monarchy. Later, with the tacit consent of Pedro's father, King Alfonso IV at the time, several ministers rushed into Ines's residence and killed him and his several children while Pedro was absent. Prince Pedro rose up in anger and rebelled, but eventually endured the Queen's call.
In 1357, as soon as Pedro ascended to the throne, he cruelly killed the meddlesome ministers and posthumously honored Ines as the queen. In contemporary times, Lisbon still has evidence such as "Tear Fountain" and "Tear Pavilion" to commemorate this timeless love masterpiece.
Seize the throne
At a young age, Joon escaped the disaster and was deeply loved by his father. At the age of 6, he was appointed as the leader of the Avish Knights and received systematic religious and military education. But his illegitimate status hindered his desire for the throne. In 1367, Pedro I passed away, and Fernando I, the half brother of Joon, inherited the throne.
In 1383, Fernando passed away without a son and was succeeded by his daughter Beatrice, with his queen Leonor serving as regent.

On the one hand, due to the unpopularity of the poor soldier Dou Wu during the reign of Fernando I, the regency of Leonor meant the continuation of his policies. On the other hand, Queen Beatrice had already married King Juan I of Castile (one of Spain's predecessors), and her succession seriously endangered the sovereignty and independence of Portugal. Under the instigation of some nobles, the Portuguese people launched the 1383 uprising, and Joon seized this opportunity to become the leader of the uprising with the support of young generals Alvarez and the Avish Knights. Leonor was overthrown and fled back to her homeland of Castile. King Jo ã o I seized the throne of his niece and was elected as the King of Portugal by parliament in 1385. And in the same year, he defeated the invading Castilian army in the Battle of Aljubalota, defending the country's independence and consolidating his own throne (in the 2004 UEFA European Championship held in Portugal, major Portuguese media compared the life and death battle between the Spanish and Portuguese teams to the "Battle of Aljubalota", indicating the importance of this battle in the hearts of the Portuguese). Due to his position as the leader of the Avish Knights, the dynasty he established was named the Avish dynasty (according to Western beliefs, the succession of illegitimate children means a change of dynasty).
The above event, known as the 1383-1385 Revolution, was a decisive turning point in Portuguese history. The monopoly of high-ranking officials by the old aristocracy was broken, and a group of experienced legal scholars and bureaucrats from lower backgrounds united around the new king, bringing a fresh breeze to Portuguese politics. However, as a small and weak country located in a remote southwestern corner of Europe, Portugal lacks the strength and space to develop towards the mainland. Advancing into the ocean is its only way to become a strong country. After consolidating the throne, Joon turned his gaze to the vast ocean.
Expanding into the blue territory
Portugal can be regarded as the vanguard of the Age of Discovery, and King Joao I and his son Prince Henry, the navigator, were among the vanguard forces.
In 1415, King Joao I and Prince Henry personally led a massive army of 19000 soldiers, 1700 navies, and 200 warships to capture the important city of Ceuta (now Sebtai) in the northwest corner of Africa. This event is considered the official starting point of Portugal's maritime expansion policy. With the support and encouragement of King Joon I, Prince Henry founded the Navigation School, which recruited navigation talents from various European countries (with Italy having the most), trained a large number of skilled navigators for Portugal, built seaports, improved ships, and resolutely pursued maritime exploration. On the rudimentary ships of that time, brave sailors carried the expectations of their nation, risking their lives time and time again to sail towards the unknown "Devil's Sea".
In 1420, the Portuguese discovered (for Europeans, it was "discovered") the Madeira Islands, and in 1431, the Azores were discovered, becoming an important supply base for Atlantic navigation.
By the time Jo ã o passed away in 1433, Portugal's maritime industry was entering a period of prosperity and had already seen the dawn of the era of maritime power. His successors continued to work hard, leading to the arrival of Diaz at Cape of Good Hope in 1488 and Da Gama in India in 1498 a series of heroic feats.