Felipe V (Spanish: Felipe V, December 19, 1683-July 9, 1746). The first monarch of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain (reigned from November 1, 1700 to January 24, 1724, and from August 31, 1724 to July 9, 1746). When Carlos II of Spain passed away in 1700, due to his lack of children, he passed all his territories (Spain, Western America, Western Netherlands, and parts of Italy) to Felipe. But due to the proclamation of King Louis XIV as King of Spain, the War of Spanish Succession was triggered. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht was concluded, depriving Felipe of his inheritance rights over the territories of Western Netherlands and the Habsburg dynasty in Italy. He inherited the Spanish throne and possessed Western America. After marriage, influenced by his wife, he attempted to regain Italian territory and was ultimately defeated by the Four Nation Alliance.

Inheritance War
Felipe V de Borb ó n (1683-1746) was the king of Spain in the 18th century, reigning from 1700 to 1746, with a brief abdication in 1726. He was the first king of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. Felipe V was the second son of Prince Louis of France and Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, and the grandson of King Louis XIV of France. Therefore, he also held the title of Duke of Anjour.
On November 1, 1700, Carlos II of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain (crowned in 1661) passed away without any heirs. According to his will, the throne will pass to Felipe, Duke of Anjou (Felipe's grandmother Maria Theresa is Carlos II's sister). The accession of Felipe sparked a war that lasted for several years for the succession of the Spanish throne. The Habsburg family in Austria believed that Maria Theresa had already given up her inheritance rights in the marriage contract and that the throne should be inherited by Grand Duke Charles of the Habsburg family. Therefore, they actively sought an alliance to declare war on France and regain the Spanish throne.
The opposing sides of this war formed alliances with friendly countries, forming two camps. France formed an alliance with Spain, Bavaria, Cologne, several German states and Savoy (just like Italy in the First World War, it soon turned to the enemy); The Holy Roman Empire (which was then controlled by the Habsburg dynasty in Austria) formed an anti French alliance with Britain, the Netherlands, Brandenburg, Portugal, several small German states, and most Italian city states. In May 1702, the Anti French Alliance officially declared war on France.
In 1710, Russia won the Great Northern War. In order to prevent Russia from dominating northern Europe from then on, Britain began to hold peace talks with France alone, stopping the war against France, in order to withdraw and balance Russia. Due to the change in British attitude, all countries in the anti French alliance stopped active attacks and gradually ceased war with France. In 1711, Emperor Joseph I of the Holy Roman Empire passed away, and Duke Charles ascended to the throne for Charles VI, which reduced the rationality of Charles' demands for the Spanish throne. Therefore, on April 11, 1713, France signed the Peace Treaty of Utrecht with the anti French allies other than Austria, namely, Britain, the Netherlands, Brandenburg, Savoy and Portugal; In 1714, France signed the Treaty of Rashtat with Austria. Spain, on the other hand, signed the Anglo Spanish Treaty and the Spanish Savoy Treaty with Britain in July 1713; In June 1714, the Treaty of West Holland was signed with the Netherlands; In February 1715, the Treaty of West Portugal was signed with Portugal. The War of Spanish Succession officially came to an end.
As a result, although Felipe was able to secure the throne, the treaty stipulated that France and Spain could never merge through this, but France was weakened in the war and Britain's power was greatly strengthened.
Domestic rule
Felipe was deprived of his inheritance rights in the territories of the Western Netherlands and the Habsburg dynasty in Italy, but he finally preserved the Spanish and American colonies. [4]
During his first 13 years in office, national affairs were largely controlled by France, and the French ambassador held a seat in Spain's State Council. Although Felipe V fought bravely, he was unable to cope with the factional struggles between the Spanish and French factions in the palace. He and Queen Savoy's Maria Louisa Gabriela were both influenced by the queen's chief court officer, Mary Anne de Latremuville. In fact, she was personally placed in his palace by Louis XIV. As early as 1701, she arranged for the king's marriage. [5]
In 1714, Queen Maria Louisa Gabriela passed away. Felipe V married Elizabeth Farnese, the niece of Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma, Italy. After marriage, Elizabeth quickly took control of the king and replaced all the French people in the palace with Italians. Later, Felipe V transferred his interest to France, hoping to inherit the throne of his nephew Louis XV of France and become the king of France. [6]
Re enthronement
On January 24, 1724, Felipe V controversially passed the throne to his eldest son, Luís I of Portugal, who was only 17 years old. Legend has it that Felipe V's spiritual flaws prevented him from continuing to rule, or that Felipe V wished to inherit the throne of the French king, so he went first.
Unfortunately, Luís I of Portugal, who had been in power for only seven months, died of smallpox in Madrid on August 31 of that year, leaving no children. And Felipe's second son Fernando VI was still young, so Felipe V was forced to re ascend to the throne.
Old age life
During the reign of Felipe V, Spain began to recover from the decline of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain. Although Spain's population began to increase, the outdated tax system caused a deficit in the national treasury. The king hired thousands of highly paid retainers, who were not helping to govern the country, but were only sent by the royal family. The army and bureaucrats had no salary for several months, only relying on silver transported back from the New World to barely pay. In 1739, Spain stopped repaying its debts and declared bankruptcy.
Felipe V suffered from manic depression and became increasingly severe. Due to his passive personality, he was completely constrained by his second wife Elizabeth Farnese (from Parma). Elizabeth gave birth to another heir, Carlos III. From August 1737, Felipe V's pain was relieved by the voice of the eunuch Farinelli. Farinelli sang eight or nine solos for the king and queen every night [2].
On July 9, 1746, Felipe V passed away at the Escorial Monastery. He was buried in his favorite palace, San Ildefonso Palace (near Segovia). His second son Fernando VI, born to his first wife, Maria Louisa Gabriela of Savoy, succeeded to the throne.