Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (German: Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck; April 1, 1815 – July 30, 1898) was the first Chancellor of the German Empire (1871-1890), known as the "Iron Blooded Chancellor", "German architect", and "German navigator". In 1866, Bismarck launched the Austro Prussian War and achieved victory. The later Chancellor of the German Empire and Prime Minister of Prussia. Bismarck unified Germany from top to bottom through his iron blooded policy. He issued the Anti Socialist Party Extraordinary Law internally, brutally suppressing the workers' movement; Utilizing alliance policies to establish Germany's hegemony in Europe. In March 1890, he was dismissed by Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany and appointed as Duke of Lauenburg. Afterwards, he resided at the Friedrich Slough estate near Hamburg for a long time and passed away in 1898. He wrote a memoir titled "Reflection and Memories".

Character's Life
Early eras
On the afternoon of April 1, 1815, Otto von Bismarck was born at the Shenhausen estate in the Altmark district of Brandenburg, Prussia. His mother, Wilhelmini, is 25 years old, and this is her fourth child. The first two children died young. Father Ferdinand, who was 43 years old, was overjoyed to see his son born. This is Ferdinand sending a servant to ride a fast horse to Berlin. The next day happened to be Sunday, when the morning prayer bells in various churches in Berlin rang, people could read this short message in several newspapers: "I report to all my dear relatives and friends with great excitement that my wife gave birth to a boy yesterday, and the mother and son are safe. We refuse congratulations. Ferdinand von Bismarck, the father of Bismarck, entered the military academy when he was young.", He had fought against the French under the command of the nephew of King Frederick before and was discharged from the military three years later. In 1813, he was once again put on the military and placed in the military auxiliary team. Ferdinand had a brother who remained in the army and participated in the Liberation War against Napoleon from 1813-1814, during which he became a general.
Bismarck's great grandfather, Ludwig Mencken, served as a high-ranking civil servant in the court of King Frederick II and Frederick William II, as the Ambassador of Prussia to Sweden, and as the Minister of the Interior. The Mencken family is a scholarly family, and for over a hundred years, they have been professors of law and history or lawyers in universities. Their ancestral home is Leipzig, Saxony. In the second year after Bismarck's birth, their family moved to the Kniphov estate in Pomerania, which was one of the three small estates inherited by Bismarck's father here. In 1822, at the age of 8, Bismarck registered for school at the Praman School at 139 Wilhelm Street in Berlin. This school was founded by evangelical pastors with a long history in Protestantism in 1805. Bismarck quickly learned swimming and fencing in school, and gymnastics training made his body stronger and stronger. The school also follows Pestalozzi's design, allowing each child to cultivate a small piece of land on campus. At first, he and his brother were not adapted to living independently after suddenly leaving the family. But after all, it's a child, and having a group of playmates of similar ages all day is definitely happy. At the end of the first academic year, Bismarck's evaluation sheet stated, "This student has an outgoing and enthusiastic personality, and is loved by teachers and classmates."

In the early 19th century, Germany was still an agricultural country, with three-quarters of its residents living in rural areas. With the influence of the Industrial Revolution in England and the victory in the War against Napoleon in 1815, Germany's modern industry made significant progress. People in Berlin who have become wealthy through business hope that their children can enter prestigious schools for education. Berlin nobles value their social status and are often unwilling to let their children associate with commoners. They either choose a different aristocratic school or hire teachers from home. Wilhelmini sent Bismarck to Pullman School, undoubtedly making her children stand out like chickens. Another academic year later, Bismarck appeared out of place with his classmates. This is also somewhat like Napoleon's childhood situation of going to school. Bismarck grew increasingly tired of Berlin's urban life and longed to ride his pony around Kniphoff. He often uses paper and pen at school to calculate the arrival time of the Stettin mail car and how many days are left before the holiday. At this time, he was often accompanied by two books, Children and Family Fairy Tales and German Folklore, compiled by the Grimm brothers.
When Bismarck was 11 years old, after his fourth academic year, the school evaluation said, "The student must restrain his anger habits in the future, pay attention to moderation in school entertainment activities, and not indulge himself, let alone be perfunctory about homework." In his final academic year, Prussian court painter Franz Kregel once painted a portrait of him. It is a 3/4 profile image of a half body, with a slightly forward leaning head and a slightly contracted chin. It is a sturdy and chubby little boy with messy and hard tied hair, a slightly upturned nose, a wide mouth, double chin, striking ears, and a straight school uniform with a white shirt collar pulled out. His eyes look straight ahead from right to left, with a playful smile on his face.

Educational process
At the age of 12, Bismarck entered Frederick William's School of Arts, but was still excluded by his classmates. But he did not feel discouraged. Instead, he worked hard and learned English, French, Russian, Polish, and Dutch, making him a genius in mastering multiple languages and laying a solid foundation for his future diplomatic career. Bismarck had a passion for language and history, and his linguistic genius was just beginning to emerge. Classical Latin and Greek are compulsory courses. He first learned English, and two years later he was able to speak fluent English and French; He can still speak Russian; Understand Dutch and Polish; I also understand a minor language. When studying ancient Greek and Latin, ancient Greek and Roman historical documents are their models and textbooks; When studying German history, he found it easy and enjoyable. He believed that many historical figures and events were interesting stories told by the old cowherd Bronte when he was a child at Kniphoff Manor; British history is a collection of interesting stories that differ from German history.
Bismarck enrolled in the University of G ö ttingen before reaching the age of 17. However, Bismarck was not satisfied with his university life. During his college years, he often wore a sword around his waist and led a big wolf dog. But he had no intention of learning and developed many bad habits. He had fought 27 duels with his classmates. Later, although he transferred to the law department at the University of Berlin, he was not satisfied. Although he became a lawyer after graduation, he was not satisfied with it, so he applied for a government position and became a small clerk. At this time, he met a noble woman and made a marriage contract, but he had no money. He wanted to make money by gambling, but instead lost all his money and owed a lot of debt. Therefore, this engagement has been cancelled.
Afterwards, he met the daughter of a pastor and made another engagement. Unfortunately, the woman also left with a wealthy soldier. As a result, Bismarck had to return to his hometown with debts. After returning to his hometown, he separated from his brother and became the owner of the estate. However, he was not satisfied with this kind of life, so he quickly entered politics again.

Parliamentary career
This entry into politics completely changed Bismarck's fate throughout his life. He first became a river embankment supervisor. This job is very suitable for Bismarck's competitive personality. In mid February, the ice flood on the Elbe River arrived. The overwhelming floating ice is moving down from the upstream pile, and if not cleared in time, it may block and accumulate in areas with dams and bridges. Large chunks of ice and constantly accumulating water pressure may break through the dam and swallow up the farmlands on both sides of the Yibei River. The ice flood lasts for about a month every year. Bismarck was quite willing to accept this challenge, and he also had an example in his heart, which was that Goethe, when he was a minister in Weimar, fought against ice floes on the Elbe River. Therefore, he was very competent and quickly established a positive image. He took this opportunity to participate in parliamentary elections. Although he was only elected as a candidate member, he successfully forced one member of parliament to withdraw due to illness. In February, a member of the Magdeburg City Council fell ill, and the Grach brothers asked Bismarck to represent him as a Saxon member of parliament to attend the Union Parliament meeting in Berlin. Bismarck's fields were in Shenhausen and Kniphof, which belonged to the Altmark and Pomerania, and he could not represent the Saxon nobility in theory. There is someone in the court who is good at being an official, so Xiaograh asked him about a Saxon aristocratic relative and he was counted. The Prussian Commonwealth Parliament opened on April 14, 1847, and Bismarck only arrived in Berlin on May 11. As a result, he was successfully elected as the official member of parliament for the state of Berlin. At this time, in May 1847, Bismarck was only 33 years old.
In the same year, he made an engagement with a woman named Joanna and got married that year. But the following year, the famous 1848 revolution broke out in Europe, and the King of Prussia was captured. Bismarck decided to go to Berlin to inquire about the truth and falsehood. On the way, he met Prince William's wife and requested his assistance in proclaiming himself king, but Bismarck refused the request. Later, Frederick William IV successfully suppressed this revolution.

Rise in politics
Otto von Bismarck was appointed as the representative of the Kingdom of Prussia at the Frankfurt Confederacy in 1851 and was soon promoted to ambassador. He has been doing this job for 8 years. In 1857, King Frederick William IV of Prussia went insane and was therefore regent by his brother Prince William. After Prince William's regency, he immediately summoned Bismarck and appointed him as the ambassador to Russia. In 1861, Prince William ascended the throne and became known as William I. Shortly after ascending the throne, William I clashed with Parliament over the expansion of military equipment. Helpless, only Bismarck was appointed as the Prime Minister. But Bismarck was not willing to be a prime minister, so he did not fulfill it.
In the spring of 1862, Bismarck returned to Berlin, and due to internal pressure, the Prussian king was unable to promote him to Prime Minister. As a result, Bismarck resigned and was reassigned as the ambassador to France. In the same year, in a new round of elections for the Prussian parliament, the liberals achieved an absolute victory and immediately vetoed all funding from the Prussian government for military reform, leading to a stalemate between the government and parliament. Under major contradictions, Bismarck became the only possible candidate for prime minister. On September 23, 1862, William I recalled Bismarck and appointed him as Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
In his first speech in the House of Commons on September 26, 1862, Bismarck, who became Prime Minister, firmly stated to parliament, "The major problems of our time cannot be solved through speeches and majority resolutions, but must be solved with iron and blood." From then on, Bismarck was nicknamed the "Prime Minister with Iron and Blood.". Later, the king said to Bismarck, "I am well aware of this ending. They will cut off your head in front of the window of my Opera Square, and then cut off my head later." Bismarck responded, "Since we are going to die sooner or later, why not die more dignified? There is no difference between dying on the gallows or on the battlefield. We must fight to the end!", A very special and strong relationship has formed between the king and his prime minister. After taking office as Prime Minister, Bismarck was unable to resolve the conflict with parliament. For this reason, he intended to divert the attention of legislators with the great cause of German reunification and seek the support of the working class to counter the bourgeois liberals. Soon, he began planning three dynastic wars.
The European Chess Board Before German Unification

Iron Blood Prime Minister
Main entry: Iron blooded policy, Prussian war, Prussian Austrian war
Denmark, as a northern neighbor of Germany, often intervened in German affairs, so Bismarck was the first to want to solve Denmark. In 1861, the Danish king intended to take over the border areas of Schleswig and Holstein, and Bismarck immediately used this to create a dispute. He first ensured that if Prussia went to war, other powers would not interfere and formed an alliance with Austria to attack Denmark, ultimately forcing Denmark to abandon these two states. In the Vienna Treaty signed on October 30, 1864, it was stipulated that Denmark renounced both territories. On August 14, 1865, Austria and Prussia reached the Treaty of Gastein, which placed Holstein under Prussian rule and Schleswig under Austrian rule. This was actually a deliberate conspiracy by Bismarck, as the Schleswig obtained by Austria was not only small in size but also surrounded by Prussia. In this way, Austria could easily conflict with Prussia, making it a catalyst for pushing Austria towards war.
After the Prussian War, Bismarck decided to drive Austria out of the German Confederation in order to facilitate future German reunification. Therefore, he began to isolate Austria, and first Bismarck agreed to assist Russia in canceling the Black Sea Neutrality Clause. And he met with French Emperor Napoleon III, stating that Prussia did not object to ceding Luxembourg and the Rhine region to France, in order to ensure France's neutrality in the Austro Prussian War. At that time, Britain continued to implement a policy of honorable isolation, so it would remain neutral in the event of a conflict between Prussia and Austria. Finally, on April 8, 1866, he signed an alliance treaty with Italy, which stipulated that if Prussia went to war with Austria within three months, Italy must declare war on Austria at the same time, and peace could only be made with Austria if Austria returned Venice to Italy.
Finally, Emperor Austria demanded that Silesia, the wealthiest industrial area in Prussia, be exchanged for Holstein due to dissatisfaction with the terms of the Gastein Treaty. Bismarck used this as an excuse to accuse Austria of breaking the treaty. In May 1866, William I ordered a nationwide mobilization and declared war on Austria in June of the same year. Italy also declared war on Austria in accordance with the Treaty of Offensive and Defense. Shortly thereafter, Prussia conquered the pro Austrian small states of North Germany and on July 3, 1866, with a force of 291000, engaged in a major battle against 238000 Austrian troops in Sadova, known as the Battle of Sadova. The Austrian army was ultimately defeated.
At this point, Bismarck decided to make peace with Austria instead of pursuing victory. Because he understood that eliminating Austria was not his primary goal, the most important thing was to unify Germany. Therefore, in the Prague Treaty signed on August 23, 1866, he gave Austria extremely lenient peace conditions in order to maintain good relations with Austria. After the end of the Austro Prussian War, the only obstacle to German reunification was France, which controlled the southern German states from behind.