Athena (Greek: θήνη、 Athena, also known as Pallas Athena, is the goddess of wisdom and war in Greek mythology. One of the Twelve Gods of Olympus [1]. According to ancient Greek documents, Athena is a dignified and beautiful young goddess. She has lived on earth since the birth of human beings, taught human beings all kinds of survival knowledge and created the initial survival tools for human beings. [5-6]
Athena is also the goddess of art and the patron saint of handicrafts. She teaches human weaving, cooking, gardening, pottery and other crafts; Painting, music, poetry, dance and other arts. The esoteric prayer called her "the founder of art" [2]. At the same time, she is also the protector of military, agriculture, medical treatment, navigation and animal husbandry; The goddess of court and order. She founded the first court of Athens. [6]
Athena longed for independence and insisted on not marrying. She was regarded as three goddesses on Olympus with Artemis and Hestia. She is the patron saint of unmarried girls, as well as the patron saint of women's labor and childbirth. Greek women affectionately call her "ergani" ργάνη， (meaning female worker)
Athena is the daughter of Zeus and the goddess of wisdom. Gaia and Uranus predicted that the future children of Metis were smart and powerful. After she gave birth to a bright eyed daughter, she would have a son who overthrew Zeus. Zeus was afraid of the trouble caused by his children, so he swallowed the mother and daughter while mertes was still pregnant with Athena. Since then, Zeus had a splitting headache, so he had to ask Hephaestus (or Prometheus or Hermes) to split his head. As soon as he raised his axe, to the surprise of the gods, a beautiful goddess with a graceful body and perseverance jumped out of Zeus's head.

Athena's name has been recorded in ancient times. Her name appears on the linear letter B of Crete. During the worship of Crete goddess, she was the palace goddess of Crete, known as "Lady labyrinth". Later, Athena was returned by the ancient Greeks to be the daughter of Zeus, so there are many different statements about the identity of her parents. Mycenaean slate used to call her "female master", and Athena was often called "π" in later epics and prayers ότνια (i.e. lady, goddess, hostess) ". [6] [9-10]
Athena's main attribute is the goddess of wisdom, and her secondary attribute is the goddess of war and the goddess of craft and art (i.e. Athena Elgon). The word "Ergonomics" is derived from the word ergane.

Athena
Plato said in the chapter of cratylus: Athena's name means "mind and divine wisdom", and her alias Pallas means "dancing and waving spear".
Athena, an ancient Greek word, is from θ ῆ ναα Or θ ῆ ναια Abbreviated. Written in Ionian dialect as Ἀ θήνη Or θηναίη (the latter is used in Homer's epic); It is written in Doris dialect θάνα Or θαναία； It is written in the dialect of eoria as ἈἈἈἈἈἈἈἈἈἈἈἈἈ θήναα。 American classicist Martin Bernard: "Ἀ θ ῆ ναι Heyi θήνη Or θην They all come from ancient Egyptian Ϧτ Ντ (expressed in Coptic [11], translated as: Kester ente).
Plato said in the book of righteousness that she was a local girl（ κόρη Corey, which means girl, girl, is Athens θ ῆ ναι， Also known as θήνη） The incarnation of.
Pallas
Athena's full name is Pallas Athena（ Παλλάς Ἀ θήνη）。 The meaning of Palas has many versions in mythology.
1. According to the British scholar Harrison's introduction to the study of Greek religion, Athena is often called "Pallas" in Homer's epic. This shows that the goddess originally had a name called "Pallas". Later, with the development of Athenians' worship of her, she was fully called Pallas Athena, which means "Pallas, the girl of Athens". Later, Athena can be used alone as the name of the goddess.
2. According to the view of French classicist kurange: "the Athenian army will never set out on the seventh day of each month. When the Navy sets out, it must carefully gild the statue of Palas" [12]. It seems that the name of Palas is related to the blood of Athena's goddess in the sea.
3. According to the pilakis, Athena was raised by Triton, the river god. Pallas, the daughter of Triton, was her playmate and was accidentally injured by Athena because Zeus lost her shield. Athena was very sad and created a statue of Pallas. So Athena has this alias. This connects the origin of Athena with the maiden god worshipped in Libya.
4. Suedas's view: "(Palas is) a great girl (π) άλλαξ）， It is the title of Athena [13]; It also has its source automatic word π άλλω (waving, throwing).
There are many kinds of above statements, but they can not be generally agreed by people because of insufficient basis. They can only be regarded as a possibility and can not be regarded as a conclusion.
Tritogleia
In Hesiod's book of gods, Athena is born from the forehead of the father of God man on the river bank of Triton. Athena is also known as tritogleia（ Τριτογένεια， It literally means the girl on Lake trito or the third born).
It is commonly said that this alias means "third born", or "girl on Lake trito", or others. The Oxford Greek Dictionary records scholars' argument that tritogleia means "the third born child of Zeus except Artemis and Apollo". There is also a minority view that the "third" is the third day of a month.
She was born on the shores of the Libyan Lake athronis to cleanse the body of athronis. Herodotus's history [14] also refers to Libya: "Next to the Marcellus are the otheus... They hold an annual sacrifice to the God Athena. During the sacrifice, their young girls are divided into two teams and fight each other with stones and sticks. According to them, this is to worship the local goddess we call Athena in the way of their ancestors. The young girls who die from injury are called false virgins. Before the girls start fighting, all the people always fight first Choose the most beautiful girl (on behalf of Athena), put on a Corinthian helmet and a full-length Greek armor, and then make her get on the chariot and run across the lake. "

1. Hesiod called Athena in the divine Manual: a girl with bright eyes.
2. Homer's Ode to Athena: the golden light is bright, dignified and beautiful, and the gods staring at it are amazed.
3. Homer's Iliad: ceano held up his robe and placed it on Athena's knee. He prayed to the daughter of the great Zeus and begged, "Athena, the protector of our city, the shining goddess."
4. Homer's Iliad Zeus said to Hera and Athena: your beautiful limbs.
5. In the 16th century, on the beauty of women, it is said that women's arms are aesthetic: as soft as the arms of the goddess Pallas when she stood in front of the shepherd on the peak of IDA.
6. The statue of Athena of Phidias in the 4th century BC. The rest of the statue is made of wood and gold, while Athena's skin is carved with ivory to show the white skin of the goddess. Athena has a pair of famous bright big eyes. From the perspective of ancient Greek statues, it is generally an oval face. The typical Greek nose is Grecian nose (straight female nose), which is small and often tight. Hair in a bun or bun. I wear a beautiful embroidered skirt woven by myself and have an owl on my shoulder. Aegis, who wears a helmet crown, wears a skirt covered with snake armor, holds a spear or victory goddess in his right hand and a golden tassel in his left hand.
Symbol
Athena
Athena
Snakes and birds: these sacred objects of Athena are derived from Crete mythology. Owls and snakes guard the palace of Knossos on Crete and the goddess holding Mycenaean shields, which is one of the archetypes of Athena. Virgil said in Aeneas that Athena was "the protector of snakes". She also often appears with birds (pigeons, owls, ducks, seagulls, swallows, sea eagles, vultures). In the Odyssey, Homer describes that Athena can become a vulture. The goddess also became an owl and intervened in the war against the Persians. People believe that she helped them win the war.