Antoninus Pius (also known as Antoninus Pius, reigned from September 19, 1986 to March 7, 161, and from 138 to 161) was the fourth of the "Five Great Emperors" of the Roman Empire, reaching its peak during his reign. Therefore, the reign of Emperor Wuxian was also known as the "Antonian Dynasty" due to his name. During Antoni's reign, he inherited Hadrian's policies, defended against the outside world, adjusted various relations internally, maintained good cooperation with the Senate, and vigorously developed the economy, strengthened supervision and management of the provinces, promoting the prosperity of the provincial economy and the empire.

Anthony Pius was born in Ranuvium, Latin America in 1986. [2] He is the nephew of Hadrian's wife and the first head of state from the Gaul region. [3] His father passed away at a young age and was raised by his grandfather; After his grandfather passed away, he was raised by his grandfather. Inheriting the property of both elders, Anthony became one of the wealthiest people in Rome. [4]
He worked hard in the Roman government and served in multiple departments. He served as a treasurer in 111 and as a judge in 117. [4] Appointed as a consul in 120, then entrusted with the important task of Italian judicial administration. As a deputy governor, he served as the governor of the province of Asia around 134. [3]
In his later years, Emperor Hadrian discovered the elder Anthony Pius, who was in his fifties, and the young man Marco Aurelius Anthony, who was 17 years old. The former had impeccable words and deeds throughout his life, while the latter must possess extremely high moral character in the future. He then declared that Anthony Pius would become his son and heir to the throne, provided that he also adopted Marco Aurelius at the same time. [5]
In 138, Hadrian fell seriously ill and on his deathbed, he designated 51 year old Anthony Pius as his heir. One reason Hadrian chose him was that Anthony Pius was already quite old and would pass away within a few years, passing the throne to the young Marco Aurelius. But Anthony Pius lived until the age of 74, reigning for 23 years, and was the longest reigning emperor among the five sages. The reign of Emperor Wuxian was also known as the Antonian dynasty due to his name.

Political achievements
As soon as Anthony Pius took office, he proclaimed the late Emperor Hadrian a deity. Due to this filial behavior, he was named Pius (meaning filial piety) by the Senate. [7]
During the 23 years of Antoni's rule, he inherited Hadrian's policies. Pay attention to adjusting various relationships internally. After he ascended the throne, he first exempted the people from tax arrears, donated a large amount of private property to the national treasury, and fully borne the holiday expenses. At the same time, they also purchased alcohol, oil, rice, and wheat, and distributed them to civilians for free. He is good at managing finances and governing the country with diligence and frugality, so after his death, the national treasury was profitable with a balance of 2.7 billion sesquites. He is diligent in court affairs and cares about others as much as he cares about himself. He continued to promote Hadrian's policy of legal freedom, limiting the use of torture against slaves, and severely punishing their masters for killing slaves without reason. He rewards education, provides education for impoverished children, and expands the privileges of teachers and philosophers. [3]
Unlike his adoptive father Hadrian, during his twenty-three years of rule, his peaceful life was spent in Rome; The longest journey that this kind emperor has ever experienced was from his palace in Rome to his retired La Rufin villa. [7] He appointed capable and moral governors to all provinces. Under his rule, all regions were very happy, they would rather submit to the empire than fall into chaos and strife; He always approves citizens' petitions; They trusted him in his rescue of the disaster; [9] In Rome, there were even foreign envoys who voluntarily requested that their country join Roman rule. [10]
Military achievements
Externally, he advocates adopting a defensive policy. But in order to defend the border, he also carried out some military activities. In Britain, the Romans repelled the harassment of Scottish tribes, pushed the border 100 kilometers north, and built the Antonine Wall. In the northern part of the Black Sea, the Alanians advancing from the North Caucasus attacked Greek cities on the north coast of Bendu, and later invaded Olivia; The Roman army came from the western United States to rescue and repelled the invasion of the Alanians in one fell swoop, exempting them from large-scale devastation in the area. [3]

In 161, at the age of 74, Anthony suffered from a stomach disease. On his deathbed, he summoned Marco Aurelius to his bedside to serve as the governor of the country, warning officials of "fairness and selflessness", and then passed away peacefully. Cities and classes across the country are vying to mourn him.
At the beginning, Hadrian's condition for adopting Anthony Pius was that he also adopted Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as adopted sons. In this way, Hadrian identified two generations of heirs for the empire. [7] After Anthony's death, it was rumored that he was located in Marco Aurelius and Vilus. It was the first time in Roman history that two heads of state were in power together.

It is customary to call Antony Pius and his adopted son and successor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus as "two Anthony", which originated from Edward Gibbon's "History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", Yoshimoto described it this way: "The reign of the two Antonies may have been the only period in human history where the happiness and tranquility of a great nation served as the core of governance
Antony Pius is called the Second Numa (the 7th century BC ancient Roman emperor). The most prominent characteristics of these two emperors are also their love for religion, justice, and peace. The situation of the latter gives his virtues a broader scope for application. Numa was only able to stop some neighboring villagers from snatching mature crops from each other, while Anthony brought peace and tranquility to most parts of the earth. A peculiar feature of his rule is that it provides very little historical information to history. In his private life, he is kind and amiable. The simplicity of his nature has never shown any vanity or hypocrisy. He never pursues excessive enjoyment because of his wealth, but rather enjoys a pure and enjoyable social life; His cheerful and cheerful behavior fully reveals his kind soul. [5]
Two Antonies, along with their predecessors Nerva, Turajin, and Hadrian, were collectively known as the Five Emperors. These five emperors brought a golden period and unprecedented prosperity to Rome during their reign. However, after Marco Aurelio, the Roman Empire gradually declined due to internal and external troubles.